Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning - Essay Example The expectation of this examination is a spending plan as a monetary arrangement communicated regarding cash that helps spending holders accomplish authoritative objectives and targets in a proper way. In development industry, spending helps organizations during the time spent monetary examination. Through planning, the board of the associations can know the monetary situation of the association. They can comprehend what is really going on in standing of capital use for business exercises. Planning helps in furnishing the administration with the data in regards to accessible capital, current money related position, and future uses of the continuous business exercises. Through proficient planning, the associations can set aside cash and related consumptions with respect to different business exercises. Spending plans help in removing the additional expenses and bring in cash accessible for use in other monetary activities.Proper arranging assumes a significant job in the achievement o f a development organization. Planning assumes a significant job in such manner. Arranging is the second capacity of planning. Subsequent to anticipating the budgetary position, an organization chooses its future exercises, for example, venture choices, advance choices, and purchasing or selling choices. Correspondence is another significant capacity of planning. On the off chance that an association makes a type of budgetary arrangement with another association, planning is that strategy which can resolve the issue identified with utilization of capital between the two gatherings. Needs can be set between the two associations in regards to the budgetary issues. A compelling spending plan would help the associations in speaking with one another to talk about where the cash ought to be gone through and how much cash ought to be spent. 2.4 Motivation Budgeting assumes a significant job in inspiring staff of the organization. In the wake of breaking down the budgetary situation of the organization, administrators can grow such designs for the workers that can improve their proficiency and inspiration. For instance, if an organization creates compelling pay plans, it can bring about kindness of the organization since representatives like to work for an organization which esteems their exhibitions and furnishes them with the remuneration and prizes that they merit. In any case, improvement of remuneration plans is straightforwardly related on the accessible financial plan of an organization. On the off chance that an organization will have enough financial plans for creating and actualizing such plans, at exactly that point pay plans can be created which will eventually bring about propelling representatives and improving their individual and gathering exhibitions. 2.5 Evaluation In development industry, assessment of money related and different business forms assumes a significant job. Financial plan speaks to the objective execution which administrators measure w ith the real

Laws and Regulations Essay Example for Free

Laws and Regulations Essay Presentation English Petroleum is the US’s biggest company. One of the biggest oil makers, BP benefits universally for billions of dollars every year. BP circulates oil and gaseous petrol everywhere throughout the world. English Petroleum has run into a few issues with government guidelines over numerous years. In view of wellbeing issues against the networks OSHA needed to research ordinarily for oil slicks and flammable gas spills. Coca Cola is likewise one of the biggest organization drink organizations on the world. Coca Cola was utilized from the outset to fix addicts however the n it was patched up and utilized for making drinks for everybody. Like BP, Coca Cola had its issues with the law too. They have been blamed for damaging human rights, pesticides in the groundwater, and discovering malignant growth causing synthetics in the soda pops. In 2008 it was reasoned that Coca Cola was in direct infringement FDA for wellbeing hazard. We will thoroughly analyze the dangers of wellbeing guidelines, OSHA infringement, item security and obligation, laborers remuneration, and work environment information security and property assurance from Coca Cola and British Petroleum. OSHA The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970 is a government guideline that builds up and authorizes wellbeing and security strategy in the working environment (Goetsch, 2008). It covers private area bosses and workers and urges states to take an interest in wellbeing and security programs. States that take an interest get half of its subsidizing from the national government (OSHA.gov, 2011). In the appearance of expanding mindfulness and preparing of wellbeing and security, organization wellbeing delegates must be modern on laws, guidelines and obligation. The OSH Act expects bosses to keep up measurable wellbeing and security records and to report word related sicknesses and wounds under specific conditions at each organization area. The revealing conditions are the accompanying: â€Å"Death of at least one laborers, at least one days from work, limited movement or limitations to the work that a representative can do, loss of cognizance of at least one specialists, move of a worker to another activity, clinical treatment past in-house emergency treatment (on the off chance that it isn't on the medical aid show, it is viewed as clinical treatment), and some other condition recorded in Appendix B of the rule† (Goetsch, 2008, p. 121). Businesses are liable for illuminating representatives about wellbeing and security practices, laws, and guidelines. OSHA guidelines apply to BP and Coca-Cola with some deviation due to the idea of the business. OSHA guidelines incorporate general industry norms and it gives wellbeing and security preparing programs for workers and businesses. Over the most recent couple of years, BP has been under much investigation. OSHA fined BP $87.4m for wellbeing infringement that hinted at the 2005 Texas City treatment facility blast (Walter, 2009). In 2010, BP’s Gulf of Mexico oil slick is still under scrutiny by the administration. Insiders accuse the spill for BP’s choice to easy route methods and skirt a quality test (Casselman Gold, 2010). Dissimilar to BP, Coca-Cola got OSHA acknowledgment in 2009 for having the most noteworthy representative security and wellbeing guidelines at its Milesburg, PA site (OSHA.gov, 2009). Worker’s Compensation As indicated by Goetsch (2008) â€Å" the idea of worker’s pay created as an approach to permit harmed representatives to be remunerated properly without taking their boss to court† (Overview of Worker’s Compensation, p. 174). English Petroleum (BP) and Coca-Cola are huge association with areas around the globe. Both association have more than 90,000 laborers worldwide and have specialist pay intends to ensure harmed representatives are thought about. As per Ramos Law (2011), â€Å"workers at Coke endure wounds like that of other industrial facility representatives. These laborers experience the ill effects of dull employments, for example, blending equation; knew wounds from stacking item; or back agony from general stockroom jobs† (Hurt While Working at Coca-Cola or in the Beverage Industry?, para. 1). Coke needs to do a hazard investigation and give preparing to decrease the measure of workers’ remuneration claims. English Petroleum (BP) had a gigantic oil slick in April of 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico in which BP employed more than 20,000 individuals to help tidy up the catastrophe. The consideration, preparing and defensive rigging for the cleanup teams was underneath security measures. Preparing and defensive rigging could be the reason for the worker’s remuneration guarantees that BP has will keep on accepting. As indicated by Johnston Moore Thompson Attorneys at Law (2011), â€Å"seven oil slick specialists were hospitalized on May 26 in the wake of encountering queasiness, wooziness and migraines. Four more were hospitalized on May 28, two of whom were conceded for chest pains† (First Workers Compensation Cases Building for Oil Spill Cleanup, para. 4). The exhaust from the oil and the contacting of the perilous material to attempt to decrease the harm made many become wiped out. The security principles of BP are being addressed for both the laborers and the encompassing regio ns that were hit by this overwhelming oil slick. Item Safety and Liability Item wellbeing and risk is a law that was made to hold merchants, retailers, makers, and providers answerable for wounds caused from the item (Goetsch, 2008). This law was planned so that in the occasion injury happens the shopper is secured. There are various ideas that have laid the preparation for the item risk law. The four significant reasons that the laws were made were from, careless production, break of guarantee, severe obligation in tort, and careless structure (Goetsch, 2008). Organizations must set aside the effort to guarantee that the items that have been planned satisfy the security guidelines to keep potential cases from happening. Coca Cola guarantees that the item security and obligation is met by estimating the item and bundle necessities against the organization principles. The organization utilizes â€Å"The Coca-Cola Management Systems† which is a quality administration framework that keeps up the company’s activities around the world, keep up the Coca-Cola guidelines (thecoca-colacompany.com, 2011). BP has been under the investigation for a long while since the oil slick happened that made a great many dollars in harm the Gulf of Mexico. Since that time BP has made new plans to screen the waters that hold diverse oil fixes, these have been made to guarantee quality checking. BP has made a perception program that will bolster consistent observing. (BP.com, 2011) This will take into consideration the formation of value checking forestalling extra occurrences of the oil slick happening later on. This is significant piece of the item risk and wellbeing project to guarantee that the organization follows the rules required to forestall future liability’s from happening. This new quality observing will have the option to â€Å"detect changes inside the water quality, marine warm blooded creature vocalizations and climate and water temperature† (BP.com, 2011). Work environment Data and Property Protection In the work environment the most significant alternative to the organization is security and insurance. Organizations burn through a great many dollars making frameworks to ensure all the benefits and information that went through a framework. At BP, framework security over their information tying worldwide associations every treatment facility is an objective among the organization. English Petroleum train every worker to keep data private and away from media if there is a minor episode. The danger of a representative ending that code of quietness about crucial data is probably going to occur. They have agreements to state representatives can't converse with media or there will be results that could at last lead to end. Natural Protection Agency ensures the property and materials created by BP. EPA keeps the guideline on what items are alright for BP to use to bore oil. Coke Cola has comparative issues of security, yet they are keen on holding new items under the table so they can have the favorable position over their opposition once they dispatch an item. Their information insurance requires a safe framework too. Both IT offices ensure frameworks don't get hacked by setting up server dividers on the framework. The security side of the consequences of companywide is an undertaking level record of reference that turns into the official record for a given worker, client, provider, office or other substance. Records of reference are the highest quality level against which every other record in the framework must be approved. These predicament together the mass of organization information and are at the center of the ace information the executives way to deal with big business wide joining (Goetsch, 2008). Albeit other huge organizations are building up their own data systems, BP’s configuration is one of a kind in that it explicitly supplements BP’s decentralized business structure. Casselman and Gold (2010) portrays a circumstance where a BP worker may have different records in at least one human asset databases, making it tedious to get rid of the copy information. End There are numerous dangers and differentiating data between the Coca Cola and British Petroleum. Both must adhere to rules and guidelines of OSHA and government laws so as to remain in business. The two organizations had a lot of misfortunes when it came to representatives and wellbeing issues that made the open eye. The two organizations keep on making billions of dollars and every year as the principles change they are figuring out how to change with it. References BP.com. (2011) BP Deploying Advance Unmanned Water Quality Monitoring Vehicles in Gulf of Mexico. Recovered from http://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968contentId=7064711 Casselman, B. what's more, Gold, R. (2010). BP choices set stage for catastrophe. Current, 524,14-16. Recovered from Academic Search Co

Beneficial Results of a Tactical Failure :: Personal Narrative Ceramics Essays

Valuable Results of a Tactical Failure At the point when I originally analyzed this task, I concluded that I would make some bit of earthenware that I accepted would have been valuable to my progenitors. I needed to make something straightforward, as I had no experience working with dirt. I believed that a little bowl fit for holding a limited quantity of water would be my most solid option. In any case, when I showed up at Aura Ceramics my goals changed. When I plunked down to make my ceramics, I chose to make something I thought would have been helpful to tracker gatherer social orders, to the people that initially used earthenware. I attempted to envision what sorts of vessels would have been a need to these individuals. I inferred that a bigger compartment fit for conveying water over separations would have been more helpful than a littler bowl. I needed to make a compartment sufficiently enormous to move water. It should have been light enough to convey for significant stretches of time. What's more, it would need to be strong so as not to break or spill water while being shipped. In view of these considerations, I started forming my dirt. I began by making a genuinely enormous bowl that I assessed would have held quite recently under a gallon of water. I figured that would have been adequate for a person's day by day utilization. Next, I started gathering the highest point of the vessel into a little neck-like structure in which something like a stopper could be set to keep water from spilling out once inside the earthenware. At long last, over the neck, I formed a pipe. The channel would have made scooping and filling this holder with water from an open source a lot simpler. Sadly, my creation didn't endure the warming procedure, so I don't have a completed item to illustrate. Nonetheless, I can best depict the compartment as looking a lot of like a spittoon with a littler opening at the neck of the holder. In the wake of watching the changes which the pots my schoolmates made experienced, I can presume that my compartment would have been valuable to early trackers and gatherers. After the stoneware was prepared in the furnace it weighed short of what it had when the mud was wet. Making a decision about the differential in these loads from the other understudies' manifestations, I accept my completed item, with the gallon of water it was intended to hold, would have weighed around ten pounds.

Online Shopping

Internet Shopping PCs Have made some amazing progress since the first was imagined in the mid 1900's. We presently live in a general public where individuals can do nearly anything on the Internet. You can prepare, check your horoscope, and look into whatever you can consider. The approaching pattern on the Internet currently is web based shopping. With web based shopping you can purchase books, garments, CD's, and even purchase a vehicle. There are numerous advantages to internet shopping and numerous downfalls.There are numerous stores to shop online at. Among the many are Gap, Amazon Books, Music Boulevard, American Eagle Outfitters, and J.Crew. To online shop you should simply adhere to the guidelines that are given on the page. It is extremely basic. A few advantages of web based shopping are that occasionally you get it at a less expensive cost. You can peruse everything any store has not exactly what is at the store you can see back stock and everything.Espaà ±ol: American Eagle OutfittersIn e xpansion, the most significant advantage of all as I would see it is you can shop without going out. You can likewise shop whenever day or night so on the off chance that you have a bustling timetable, at that point you don't need to fit time in to go to the shopping center, you can shop at your own time.As great as this all sounds there are a couple of defeats. One of them is you need to pay for postage which can cost a chunk of change particularly when your lone purchasing a CD you pay $3.00 or $4.00 for this administration. Another destruction is you need to utilize your Mastercard. Which sadly isn't completely ensured. A ton of organizations state that there sites are secured yet there are consistently...

Brutes, Demons, and Ominous Imagery The Prevalence of Evil in Left to Tell - Literature Essay Samples

The autobiographic novel, Left to Tell composed by Immaculà ©e Ilibagiza, is punctuated by legions of demonic allusions and enveloped in an almost impenetrable shroud of evil. Although Immaculà ©e’s halcyon childhood days appear untarnished and completely innocent, she recalls â€Å"the forces of evil that would give birth to a holocaust that set my beloved country awash in a sea of blood were hidden from me as a child† (Ilibagiza 3). The shelter of her Catholic home and pious upbringing for a period keep her in blissful ignorance until the moment when darkness becomes unleashed and anarchy reigns. She depicts the massacre of hundreds of thousands closely resembling a cataclysmic plague of the transformation of the sea waters into blood. An unredeemed Rwanda degrades into a land ‘awash in a sea of blood.’ Evil omens, animalised demons, dehumanised victims, devilish torment and mysterious presences emerge in her account attesting to the prevalence of evil as a macabre and mammoth holocaust sweeps Rwanda in April 1994. Prior to the outbreak of the genocide, eerie omens point towards a lurking destruction. A psychic augurs, â€Å"I see thunderstorms around us now †¦ The mother storm is coming. When she arrives, her lightning will scorch the land and her thunder will deafen us and her heavy rain will drown us all. The storm will last for three months and many will die† (Ilibagiza 29). True to her ill-fated prediction, the virulent and relentless mother storm ravages the land and devours her sons and daughters. Ironically, many of the signs pointing towards the approaching storm go unheeded as tensions escalate, parties are envenomed as victims perish in its fury. The stalwart structures of family, religion, community and government crumble and are engulfed in the currents of destabilising chaos, warped prejudice and raw hatred. The inhuman genocide swallows whole multitudes in a tsunamic tide of tyranny, malice and hellish hostility. Another evil harbinger announces an approaching genocide when peace-talks collapses, further inflaming the already brewing storm. Immaculà ©e observes that â€Å"one of Rwanda’s most powerful military officers, a scary-looking [Hutu] colonel †¦ who was also the chief leader of the Interahamwe stormed out of the talks and promised to return to Rwanda to prepare an apocalypse† (Ilibagiza 36). The chiefs of both ethnicities and political parties, Tutsis and Hutus, are hellbent on keeping the fires of strife burning and retaining the reins of power. The Hutu colonel’s vehemence and his awful resolution for revenge are fulfilled in the eruption of the apocalyptic mother storm. Black, threatening clouds gather around Rwanda as Immaculà ©e also realises that no one stands up for truth, liberty and justice. After witnessing a terrible robbery on the city streets by a young Interahamwe gang, Immaculà ©e ponders that, â€Å"if we let devils like these control our streets, we’re in deep trouble† (Ilibagiza 34). Precociously wise in her youth, she discerns the danger of volatility, uncontrolled delinquency as violence transforms to a normal affair. As a matter of fact, rebel groups mushroom under the auspices of a weak and corrupt government. The spirits of hatred and bloodlust demonise the cities and towns in human garb. Numberless, unnerving rumours circulate about the proliferation of evil and daily life becomes harrowing to the residents. While at university, far away from home, a traumatic experience presages Immaculà ©e’s encounter with the Holocaust. Crazed and agitated by rumours of a looming army, a screaming girl provokes the school’s emergency response: â€Å"the school’s biggest security guard was charging toward me in the dark, holding a spear levelled directly at my heart† (Ilibagiza 25). This occurrence sheds light on an impending terror in which her life would again be endangered and almost sacrificed due to misplaced fears. This situation forecasts the brutal Hutu powers she must face as they hunt her for the kill and the miraculous providence of her spared life. It succinctly explains the vulnerability of the Tutsi tribe and, under a dark cover, the cruel intent to exterminate. Immaculà ©e permeates the entire narrative in animalising metaphor as men become more brutish, demonic and inhuman(e). The heinous descriptions of the bloodthirsty extremist soldiers rumoured around the towns also stress the bestial natures of the murderers. It is alleged that â€Å"the rebel soldiers lived in the forest like animals, ate human flesh, consorted with monkeys. They said that the rebels had become so evil that horns sprouted from their heads† (Ilibagiza 25). Conditioned by the forest environment, governed by animals and dictated by animal passions contribute to the degeneracy of the killers to heartless cannibals. These stories of blood-drinking rites, goat-horned gangs and vicious killings, typify the call of the wild and the Hobbesian state of nature in which the only law is survival and the sole action is war. Her animalisation technique proves effective as Rwanda’s local terrorists dehumanise themselves and intimidate their fellow citizens. In the midst of the genocide, Immaculà ©e observes clouds of animalisation befogging Rwanda, robbing the killers and victims of every ounce of human quality. She sees the murderers, â€Å"dressed like devils, wearing skirts of tree bark and shirts of dried banana leaves, and some even had goat horns strapped onto their heads †¦ and murder in their eyes† (Ilibagiza 77). The anarchic law of the wild governs the land for the three-month period as vile instinct directs a senseless carnage. Even the victims of the genocide are portrayed as animals. From the beginning to the end of the novel, radio propaganda saturates the airwaves, labelling the Tutsis as cockroaches and snakes and other beasts. She concludes later that â€Å"they were taught to dehumanize us [the Tutsis] by calling us snakes and cockroaches. No wonder it was so easy for them to kill us† (Ilibagiza 86). Hence, animalisation justifies the genocide before the eyes of the killers. It equates their homicid al acts to a simple hunt and the three months of the genocide, a hunting season. An invasive presence of darkness also cloaks Immaculà ©e and the entire land in the narrative of Left to Tell. She has â€Å"never been so keenly aware of the presence of darkness †¦ and had felt evil around me† (Ilibagiza 68). Without the family haven, she is disarmed and exposed to direct malevolent attack. In the bathroom, which serves as her sanctuary of refuge, she feels a palpable â€Å"negative energy (that) wreaked by my spirit. The voice of doubt was in my ear again as surely as if Satan himself were sitting on my shoulder† (Ilibagiza 78). She employs all her energies to pray and focus on God during this time of immense turmoil. Prayer sustains Immaculà ©e’s faith, giving her courage and inspiring her with hope. However, her peace is broken as her ardent prayers are chequered with dark voices howling doubt and despair. The aftermath of the genocide supremely horrifies Immaculà ©e as she witnesses the baneful effects of the Rwandan storm. Her colleague leads her â€Å"behind the church. It was an image from hell: row upon row of corpses, hundreds and hundreds of them stacked up like firewood. A black carpet of flies hovered about them †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ilibagiza 179). Every sacred institution, family, church and even school is sacrilegiously overthrown as millions of innocents are mercilessly slaughtered. Their bodies are amassed on a church’s compound as a bizarre altar of sacrifice. Undoubtedly, the prevalence of evil wreaks an unnatural havoc that not only devastates an entire country, but also impacts the world. Despite the harsh realities of evil, Immaculee manages to light a candle of hope and healing for her deceased family and other sufferers of the genocide. By God’s help, she is empowered to forgive her enemies and move forward in life. Works Cited: Ilibagiza, Immaculee. Left to Tell: Discovering God amidst the Rwandan Holocaust with Steve Erwin, Hay House Publishers, 2006.

E-Marketing Industry Analysis Essay - 275 Words

E-Marketing Industry Analysis (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameProfessor/LecturerCourse Name25 July 2015E-Marketing Industry AnalysisE-marketing forms a critical part of modern commerce and hence playing an essential part in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s trade (Smith Chaffey 2005). By definition, e-marketing is a business model in whichboth advertising and marketing targets of an organization are met through electronic interchanges such as cell phone, email, and databases (Smith Chaffey2005). Gatti (2004) expands the definition to include the use of the internet as the underlying operational paradigm. This paper aims atinvestigating the issues relating to e-marketing, the embedded benefits and its applicability in a contemporary marketing from this expanded version of e-marketing definition.Smith and Chaffey (2005) underscore e-marketing to focus on innovative advertising conducted through techy platforms. However, previous other researchers have eluded various factors to drive e-marketing whilst presenting a real-life thrust i nto its full operationalization (Gatti 2004).Inessence, these factors drive innovative ways of marketingand conducting advertising. Converse to the traditional marketing model wheresales were purely derived from new clients and cross-selling and up-scaling existing clients, e-commerce intrinsically generates value from online referrals(Cohen 2005). As a result, feedback proliferation is critically essential in determining the success level of the online channel used.In modern commerce, standalone media activity is not sufficient in promoting and driving sales of a product. As Cohen (2005) indicates, this is primarily due to the expanded platform on which buyers and sellers can meet and interactively engage one another in determining the quality and price of various products. Besides, competition and access to the big-data sourced information plays a plenary role in shaping buyer trends (Smith Chaffey 2005). Resultantly, sellers need to strategically position themselves in the bes t platform that best showcases their products while effectively reaching the mass market. And with the expanded internet users across the globe, that platform is the internet (Gatti 2004).Despite the immense market reach accessible via the internet, there is need to track and quantify the reach of a marketing strategy (Cohen 2005). Besides, the mode of payment and delivery of the product should be effectively managed depending on the quantity of users relying on it in paying for their products from the retailing online store (Gatti 2004). Therefore, in evaluating the effectiveness of an e-marketing strategy, one will need to quantify its reach by market size accessing the platform as well as the number of payments and customer security for a given payment channel.ConclusionThe fore discussed points represent critical issues that one needs to address in reaching th...

The Bible And The Quran - 968 Words

The Bible and the Quran, while rooted in many of the same stories, have vast differences that reflect the respective audiences of each religious text. The Bible, which is tailored to Judaism, includes many lessons and covenants involving land and the promise of prosperity; Jews had been uprooted from their ancestral home and needed the reassurance that there were better days to come, the Bible offered this solace. On the other hand, Muhammed is concerned with convincing polytheists that there is one true god, Allah; the Quran reflects this effort. The Biblical and Quranic accounts of the Joseph story have a few major differences in plot and character behavior; these differences reveal the finer variations between the Muslim interpretation of Allah and the Jewish interpretation of God. There are many differences between how the Quran and the Bible show the main characters, Joseph, Jacob, and God, behaving in the respective accounts of the Joseph story. The Quran focuses on Jacob and J oseph’s life as prophets, meaning they are depicted as less vulnerable than the Biblical versions. Because of their standings as prophets, the Quran wants them to be as flawless as possible; therefore, there are less reasons to dislike or find fault with Jacob and Joseph in the Quran. For example, when Joseph is being accused of adultery, he is found not guilty in the Quran, in the Biblical version he is blamed for seducing the wife(Sura 12:23-32, Gen. 39:7-20). In the Quran, Aziz believes thatShow MoreRelatedThe Quran And The Bible1432 Words   |  6 PagesSection two. Throughout the Quran, there are many beliefs that Muslims and Christians agree and disagree about concerning the personage of Jesus. Among the few areas of agreement between the two, both the Quran and the Bible claim that Jesus came into the world through Mary, a virgin. While he came from Mary’s womb, it was not through intercorse but by the work of God. 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This extravagant Christian place of worship, located in St. Petersburg, Florida, shows the importance of religious establishments as additional resources used in teaching religion. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books, The Holy Bible and The Holy Quran, to educate members. The scriptures in these books have provided direction, spiritual guidance, and theologiesRead MoreComparative Scriptures : The Bible And The Quran836 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Scriptures: the Bible and the Quran The Bible and the Quran are two of the most well recognized and significant religious books across the world. They contain a plethora of similar principles and recounts, however, comprise of a great sum of differences. The first sections of the Bible, recognized as the Old Testament, consists of books of the Hebrew Bible, or Torah. The Quran is the main religious text of Islam. Muslims believe it to be a message from God, the Allah, to humanity. InRead MoreEssay about Jesus in the Quran and the Bible1486 Words   |  6 PagesJesus in the Quran and the Bible The three most influential books in human history, the holy books of the three main Abrahamic religions, share a common though checkered history. With a string of familiar figures and incidents, each book builds upon its predecessor, sometimes retaining the exact nature of the story and sometimes giving it a new version. Each book seems to have been influenced by its specific purpose and the circumstances of the time it was revealed, with the stories meeting theRead MoreReligious Texts- Examining the Content of the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran1621 Words   |  7 Pagesshoulders interlocking with her robe below. To the right of the infant, a table displays a large white book with gold-tipped pages. On the cover, prominent gold letters display the words The Holy Bible. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books such as the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran, to educate their members. Scriptures in these books have provided religious history, given spiritual guidance, and established moral theologies passed down from one generation to another. StillRead MoreIslam and Christianity: Two Figureheads in Two Influential Texts1110 Words   |  5 Pagestheir beliefs and gives rules or commandments to live by. Islam has the Quran, and Christians have the Bible. Many people in today’s world would deny that there are any similarities between the two books; however, two figures appear in both texts, Abraham and Jesus. The stories of Abraham and Jesus are incredibly similar but, the theological interpretation of these stories creates differences between the Bible and the Quran. Abraham and Jesus were very important during their own lifetime as wellRead MoreChristian Writing : The Dead Sea Scrolls950 Words   |  4 PagesChristian writing was written that correlates with the Bible, such as the Dead Sea scrolls, can be traced back to between 400-300 BC. Having the ability to know where a text comes from and what for can often give us a unique insight on other pieces of literature that was written around the same era. Nevertheless it may help us also understand other writing that seem to be written about the same or story that appears to be similar. If we examine the Quran, we see that there is some evidence that is indicatingRead MoreThe Dead Sea Scrolls1073 Words   |  5 Pageswritten that correlates with the Bible, such as the Dead Sea scrolls, can be traced back to between 400-300 BC. Understanding the context of where a text comes from and what period it was written in, often give us a unique insight on the pieces of literature and allows us to interp ret it correctly. Nevertheless, it may help us also understand other writing that seems to be written about the same story or ones that appear to be similar. While we examine the Quran, we are able to see that there isRead MoreWorldview/Religion Analysis of Islam Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Bible became flawed when it was translated from the Greek.3 Islam is a worldview and a religion that intends to impose its system on the whole world including beliefs, diet, dress, work, home, politics and allegiances. These rules are still held in every country today designated as an Islamic republic. 4 Flaws of Islam Islam is a flawed worldview/religion for many reasons. While Islam claims to worship the creator God of the universe as introduced in the book of Genesis, the Quran is filled

Reviewing Classroom Management Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1811 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Running Head: Final Project Reviewing Classroom management plan Julie Murray Kaplan University EP101-08 June 10, 2010 In reviewing this classroom management plan, I will be looking at the various elements that make up the plan. Such as the visual environment, physical arrangement, class rules and procedures as well as the types of instruction, communication plan and the teacher’s personal philosophy. Classroom management involves teacher actions to create a learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self- motivation. (Burden 2004) The management plan discusses how the visual environment will be set up to motivate the students to learn by having a star student board. That recognizes the student’s hard work both intellectually and socially. As well as having the walls decorated with posters and student’s artwork. There will also be plants and animals in the classroom that the students will be take care of in order to develop of sense of responsibility. It is important to make your classroom an attractive, comfortable place. (Burden, 2004) Sensory stimulation is another effect of a good classroom setting. For children, it is easier to learn in a very appealing classroom, because the elements of the things that would appeal to the senses are there. Pictures, colors, sound, and so forth. (Furniture, 2008)The physical arrangement is set up in groups so that the students can use it as a work space as well as centers. By putting the desks in group it promotes group cohesiveness as well as helping with behavior management. It also helps students with different learning needs, because students get the help that they need by having their peers and teacher to help them. Having different centers in the classroom is an excellent way to incorporate many skills and concepts, but it is also a great way to target students’ different learning styles. This plan gives students a c hance to express their different learning styles. By giving them a chance to work with other students in the book nook area or meet with them on the carpet at different designated times. The arrangement of furniture affects space allocation and space allocation has effects to the learning atmosphere. If the classroom looks narrow and small for students, they feel restricted and they do not interact well. On the other hand, if a classroom provides adequate space, students feel that there is space for interaction. (Furniture, 2008) The room is set up so the high traffic areas are free of congestion and there is plenty of space to be able to move around the room effectively. Some things that you could add to make the classroom more accessible for students in a wheel chair is by maybe adding a ramp outside the class room, and larger work space area for the student to be able work at instead of a traditional desk. The way the desks, tables, and other classroom materials are arrange d affects instruction and has an influence on order in the classroom. (Burden, 2004) The plan does not tell how the teacher developed the rules. Ways that you could have the students become involved in the process of making the rules is by asking the students what things that they think should be a rule. Depending on the age of children, the teacher may need to reword the rules in positive way instead of a negative. When teachers collaborate with their students to identify the need for rules and procedures in the classroom it helps to establish an orderly and safe place for learning. When they are given the opportunity to help create the list of rules, students are more motivated to follow them. Students will understand that the rules are meant to keep them safe and help them figure out what to do. Rules are general behavioral standards or expectations that are to be followed in classroom. They are general rules of conduct that are intended to guide individual behavior in an atte mpt to promote positive interaction and avoid disruptive behavior. Burden, 2004) For playground and cafeteria behavior the teacher has the students follow the classroom rules. Procedures are approved ways to achieve specific tasks in the classroom. (Burden, 2004) If students know the classroom procedures, the routine runs more smoothly and efficiently and less time is wasted. (Ashbaker, 2006) Establishing classroom procedures and rules helps teachers and students to stay organized. When the students have clear expectations there are fewer behavior disruptions. Procedures tell students how to perform routine instructional and housekeeping tasks. Sadlers, 2009) The teacher has set transitions for the students to follow for beginning of the school day, leaving the room, returning to the room and the ending of day. The transitions for starting the day is having the students put a card onto the bulletin board telling what they want for lunch, they will also find out what their job will b e for the day. By doing this it teaches the student’s responsibility for making sure that their job gets done and they get to chose what they want for lunch. The students next need to go to their desks and do their morning working which gives all the students time to put their lunch card onto the bulletin board and find out their job. As well as letting the teacher get any last minute things ready for the day of instruction. The students have a set way of leaving the room in which they need to do the appropriate sign language sign for their needs. Then once the teacher acknowledges them, they also need to sign out on the sheet by the door and take the hall pass. When returning to the room the students needs to enter the room quietly and sign back in on the paper and return the hall pass and then return back to their work. By doing this it also forces the student to take responsibility for remembering the right sign language sign and also to make sure that the teacher se es the sign before they can get from their desk. As well as making sure to remember to sign out and sign in and take the hall pass and return the pass when they return back to the room. Transitions are movements from one activity to another. A smooth transition allows one activity to flow into another without any breaks in the delivery of the lesson. To reduce the potential for disorder during transitions, you should prepare students for upcoming transitions, establish efficient transition routines, and clearly define the boundaries for the lessons. (Burden, 2003) The children are taught sign language for the words drinking fountain, sink, and bathroom, which are non-verbal cues that the students can use to let the teacher know of their needs. As well the teacher also uses cues by raising her hand in the air to let children know that the classroom is getting too noisy. The students will then raise their hands as well and put their finger over their lips and immediately stop wh at they are doing and put their eyes on the teacher. By using sign language as well as other non verbal cues, it is a way for the student as well as the teacher to express themselves without disrupting the class. The teacher states that she will using multiple intelligences to include all learning styles, She will be using a combination of direct instruction, small groups and center to teach the students. There is no mention in the plan of how the teacher creates or delivers her lesson plan. To meet the needs of diverse students, instruction cannot be one-dimensional. By using various methods of instruction it helps each student to reach their academic potential. (Burden, 2004)There is a communication plan set up to keep the teacher, students and parents up to date on the student’s progress. The students will receive feedback on their assignments as well as assignments will be displayed on the front board. Each student will keep track of their assignments in their own pers onal assignment books. If a student stops completing their assignments then there will be a pink slip that will be sent home to the parent. Which will explain the assignment that was not completed the consequences as well the slip needs to be signed by a parent before sending back to school. There will also be a star bulletin board set up where the teacher will give the student positive feedback. Parent conferences will be held as well as having report cards sent home. This plan help the students receive some positive feedback from their teachers as well as letting them stay up to date on their homework assignments. Although I think this plan needs to include more ways for students as well as parents to receive frequent positive and negative feedback. Providing positive feedback helps the child to feel good about what they have accomplished. As well from negative feedback learn what skill or behavior they need to approved upon. Overall I like this class management plan; I beli eve Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students are in a safe environment, then learning can take place. In this plan the teacher set the tone for the class, by preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all students in the classroom so that their needs are met. Having the right environment for all students to learn should be every teacher’s major goal. In order to implement an effective classroom management plan in the classroom, without it the students would not be able to learn. The changes I would make are to include more feedback for students and information on how the rules and lesson plan were developed and implemented. Also let the students have a part in developing the rules, so that will have a better understanding of rules. They also will be more inclined to follow them and the consequences. Another thing that is missing is a behavior system that include s some certain of reward system for the students as well as the classroom for positive behavior and consequences for negative behavior. I would leave everything else the same; I think that the main components of the plan would work well with the needed changes that I have suggested. I think that a paraprofessional would be able to fit nicely into this plan by helping the teacher and students when needed. . References Ashbaker, B. Morgan, J. (2006). Paraprofessionals in the Classroom. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc Burden, Paul R. (2003). Classroom management: Creating a successful learning Community (2nd). JohnWiley Sons. Maine Burden, P. (2004) An Educator’s Guide to Classroom Management. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Sadlers, Krista. (2009, November 2). How to Establish Classroom Procedures and Rules. Retrieved from https://classroom-organization. suite101. com/article. cfm/how_to_establish_classroom_procedures_and_rules Furniture Arrangement affects learning. (200 8). Retrieved from https://sugearup. com/2008/09/furniture-arrangement-affects-learning/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reviewing Classroom Management Plan" essay for you Create order

Differentiating Between Market Structures Essay - 1077 Words

Differentiating between Market Structures The structure of a market is defined by the number of firms in the market, the existence or otherwise of barriers to entry of new firms, and the interdependence among firms in determining pricing and output to maximize profits. The author of this paper will cover: the advantages and limitation of supply and demand identified in the simulation, the effectiveness of the organization in which the author knows, and how the organizations in each market structure maximizes profits. The simulation looks at all four types of market structure within the East-West Transportation Company. The four divisions operate within each of the four market structures. The divisions are Consumer Goods, Coal, Chemical†¦show more content†¦The Forest Product Division operates in the monopolistic competition market structure. A firm operating in monopolistic competition faces a downward sloping demand curve (University of Phoenix, 2008). The effectiveness of Staples Staples operates in the monopolistic competition. Staples carries many different brands and items within the store. Staples, unlike many monopolistic competition companies are concerned about what the major local competition is doing with their prices. Staples hires an outside company to check the different prices on items that they all carry alike, and then they decide to adjust their price accordingly to the research. Since Staples operates in the monopolistic competition, the demand curve faces in a downward slope. The downward – sloping demand curve means that in making decisions about output, the monopolistic competitor will use a marginal revenue curve that is below price. At its profit-maximizing output, marginal cost will be less than price (The McGraw-Hill, 2004). In the monopolistic competition market structure the competition implies zero economic profit in the long run. If Staples shows a profit then the competition in the market will lower the price to increase th eir profits and stop Staples. This would continue until the profits disappeared and the new demand curve is tangent to the new average total cost curve. Market Structure Maximize Profits The goal of a firm is to maximize profits, to get as much forShow MoreRelatedDifferentiating Between Market Structures1766 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating between Market Structures Jessika Canales Dà ­az ECO /365 08/28/2010 Instructor: SR. Carlos Mà ©ndez David Differentiating between Market Structures In this simulation, the learner studies the cost and revenue curves in different market structures perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, or oligopoly faced by a freight transportation company, and makes decisions to maximize profits or to minimize losses. The simulation also deals with the concept of Prisoner’sRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures And The Market Structure1239 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Arthur Levitt once wrote, â€Å"Our markets have not achieved their greatest successes as a result of government fiat, but rather through the efforts of competing interests working to meet the demands of investors and to fulfill the promises posed by advancing technology.(Arthur, Levitt. (2015)) The competitive nature of an industry is what drives our markets throughout the world. An industry consists of all firms making similar or identical products. McDonald’sRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1598 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Jennifer Lavallee ECO/365 May 27, 2013 Market structure is the physical characteristics of the market within which companies react. This means that there are different kinds of market structure based on how companies work together within a particular industry. Location and product have the most to do with determining the market structure. There are four defined market types. The first market structure is called the perfectly competitive market. TheRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1692 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Using the virtual organization of Kudler Fine Foods, evaluations will be made to determine market structure and competitiveness. Kudler Fine Foods current strategic plan for 2003, marketing overview, and market surveys will provide information to evaluate how Kudler competes in its market and where its strengths and weaknesses are located. Based on the evaluation of Kudler Fine Foods an applicable market structure will be determined and the structures effectsRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1924 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Alana Campbell, Dale Fortune, Katrina Beyah, Leonard Cooper University of Phoenix ECO/212 Principles of Economics Donnetta McAdoo December 5, 2011 Differentiating Between Market Structures To understand the economy of today one must understand the different market structures that make up the economy. There are four market structures that define the economic structure within the world’s economy; perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competitionRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1910 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Don Peterson ECO/365 February 2, 2015 Elena Zee Differentiating Between Market Structures A market structure in economics describes the state of a market with respect to its competition. There exist several different market structures like perfect competition, oligopoly, and monopolies among others. These markets all produce different types of goods or services, like public and private goods as well as common and collective goods. Firms operatingRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1134 Words   |  5 PagesDiffereantiating Between Market Structures Identify  the market structure in which this organization competes. Clearly indicate why the market structure was decided upon and how this market structure differentiates from the other alternatives.   MARKET STRUCTURE The interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers and degree of collusion among them, level and forms of competition, extent of product differentiation, and ease of entryRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures ECO/365 Principles of Microeconomics August 30, 2012 Differentiating Between Market Structures Retail sales are indicators of microeconomic conditions presented in a given area at a particular place in time. Since Sam Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store, Wal-Mart has been making ripples throughout the micro economies of America. Wal-Mart’s market structure is typical of most of our nation’s largest corporations in that they are an oligopoly (BrownRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Yvonne C Rivera ECO/365 May 16, 2013 Paul de la Pena Abstract There are many TV service providers available in the U.S; however there are only two companies that offer services via satellite. Dish operates within the monopolistic competition market. Dish has been in business since the early 1980’s and has gradually worked its way up to become one of the leading satellite provider and innovator of new technology. In 2013 they offer service to overRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler1022 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler ECO365 â€Å"Kudler Fine Foods was established in 1998 when Kathy Kudler fulfilled her vision of establishing her own gourmet food store. The La Jolla store continues to grow while the Del Mar store has been having some difficulties. The store in Encinitas has just opened, but sales seem brisk.† (Apollo, 2011, Strategic Plan, p. 3) The owner works 7 days a week and performs many jobs from purchasing to stocking shelves. Kudler Fine Foods sees

Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 937 Words

Many people have different perspectives on hope. Some hope for a life full of happiness, being wealthy, or just being happy. Martin Luther King Jr. had hope, he had hope for equality and for everyone to be treated equal. In MLK’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech this is the most uplifting segment of it. King knows that his audience has suffered from injustice, so they must have faith that things will soon change. King also stresses in the speech about non-violent resistance, African American equality, action is necessary for change and gender equality in today’s society. However, the African American community knew that they wouldn’t get anywhere if they started violently fighting. King wanted to have non-violent resistance in the society. King†¦show more content†¦We cannot be satisfied and we will not be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.† (King 241). He is really stressing that they will not stop fighting until there is justice for the black community, and most importantly equality in the society. There should not be separate schools, grocery stores, bathrooms, etc. for the community. The black community was being treated poorly by the whites, and that was cruel. â€Å"One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile while in his own land† says, King (King 239). Action is a key component for King to receive the rights that he is striving for. With his knowledge he is wanting to achieve big things like: equality for all of mankind, justice for all, and most importantly a life for his kids where nobody is judged by the color of their skin. The black community looked up to King, so that they knew what to do to get the change they wanted. He really made the biggest impact on society and for everyone to respect each other. However, In today’s society not everything is as good as it seems. In the early 2000’s people have a lot of hatred towards gender equality. Gender equality is a fundamental human right that every human being is entitled toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe major argument that is being portrayed in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is all men and women should be treated equally, regardless of their skin color. Dr. King states, â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienableRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1714 Words   |  7 Pagesuses words to provoke, calm, and inspire in his famous I Have a Dream speech. Using these wo rds, he creates a connection with the audience, and he gained their trust. Cesar Chavez also gave a speech that provoked, calmed, and inspired the audience to come together and get rid of pesticides because it is causing many diseases among adults, as well as children. He also mentions King many times to gain the audience’s trust. â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out theRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1419 Words   |  6 PagesKennedy have the first televised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement at its climax in America. As the chaos of segregation was unfolding in the Southern states, Governor George C. Wallace and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, were at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will address his constituents with his, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech and seven months later, Dr. King will deliver his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream†Read MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthe forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will be addressing his constituents with his well-known, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech. Nevertheless, it will be seven months later, that Dr. King will convey his message in his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however, the dialogue encompasses completely different messages. Comparatively, the two speeches will be presentedRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1154 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.s impact of pathos throughout his speech has the impact of exploit the audience, empowered, determined, and grateful. Throughout his speech, his audience responds to him by applauding with agreement. Impact of Pathos Martin Luther King, Jr. uses attribute within the starting of his known, I actually have a Dream Speech, to realize the audience to feel as theyre fighting with several alternative known Americans, like the beginning Fathers and Abe Lincoln. Since, several AmericansRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1086 Words   |  5 PagesI am writing this letter to you in hopes of gaining insight on how to handle the grave issues of racism and injustice that appear to be a curse upon our great country, the United States of America. Back then, you used your cogent words to penetrate into the minds of all those listening in hopes of uniting our nation, and erasing racial barriers along the way. You fought for peace and freedom using non-violence and preached equality to the people of this country. From your involvement in the firstRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech758 Words   |  4 Pages delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963 to a divided and unjust nation. Ki ng’s tactful writing reached the entire nation, and his words resonated with everyone who heard them. His speech addressed the injustices and inequalities blacks face in America. â€Å"I Have a Dream† has gone down in history as one of the best speeches in modern history, received at a time of turmoil and racial tension. Therefore, King’s words have rung in the hearts of innumerable people, and his dreams and aspirationsRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1441 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to procure its ultimate victory throughout the 1960s. From his civil rights-related endeavor, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the â€Å"March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom† in 1963 (â€Å"March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom) arose. In his speech, he spoke about the injustice of segregation and discrimination of African Americans. His speech had a prodigious impact as it succeeded to illustrate the is sue of racism at the time and instigated theRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis847 Words   |  4 Pagesget along, but that isn’t what life really is. If you want something to change you don’t sit back and hope it will change you have to make it change. In the story Cairo: My City, Our Revolution, Ahdaf Soueif goes and fights for her country. In the speech I Have a Dream, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was influencing people to go and protest to get their rights and in the speech A Eulogy for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Robert F. Kennedy influences people to change and do as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. TheRead MoreAnalysis of I Have a Dream Speech1857 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"I Have A Dream† Martin Luther King Jr. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech that electrified a nation. In Washington D.C, King delivered his speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial and as his powerful voice echoed out across an audience of 200,000 people, echoes of the Gettysburg address could be heard as well as the Declaration of Independence and the Bible. It has been called â€Å"masterfully delivered and improvised sermon, bursting with biblical language and imagery.†The

Gender Crime Intimate Partner Violence

Question: Discuss about the Gender Crimefor Intimate Partner Violence. Answer Introduction: Intimate partner violence is the concept which is introduced from the domestic violence, and in historic times it is known as domestic violence. Intimate partner violence is conducted when any relationship exists between the intimate partners, and in that relationship one partner tried to use power and access control over the other partner. For the purpose of asserting this power abuser uses various methods which involve physical, psychological, economic, sexual abuse, and it also includes the manipulation of victim by use his or her children. IPV occurs almost in all socioeconomic, religious, and cultural groups, but in maximum cases of IPV women is the victim. There are some cases in which women can also be the abuser may be for self-defense, and in some cases of same sex partnerships. Generally, there is high number of chances that men do not experience any kind of violence from partner, stranger or any other person related to them (CDC, n.d.). In this essay we state the differenc e in experience of men and women related to intimate partner Violence, and also state the causes of these differences. Subsequently this essay is concluded with brief conclusion. Intimate Partner Violence: IPV is defined as when on partner in a relationship hurts another partner purposely either from physical means or emotional means. Intimate partner violence is also known as domestic violence because such violence is usually caused by husband, boyfriend, and ex-boyfriend. Usually, victims of this violence are womens, but there are number of cases in which womens are abusers. Prevalence of IPV has been measured by number of surveys which are based on population, most reliable survey is conducted by Who and known as multi-country study on womens health and domestic violence against women. For this survey WHO collected data on IPV from more than 24000 women in 10 countries. These countries represent various diverse, cultural, geographical and urban or rural environments which show that all the countries are affected by IPV. Following are the facts of the survey which shows that almost 13-61% womens stated that they experience physical violence by their partner, 4-49% of women accepted t hat they experience severe physical violence by their partners, 5-59% of women accepted that they experience sexual violence by their partner at some point of their lives, and 20-75% experience emotional abuse from their intimate partner (WHO, 2005). As per the Personal Safety Survey of Australian Bureau of Statistics, almost 132000 womens of Australia (1.5%) experienced violence which includes any incident cause physical or sexual threat to women in last 12 months from their present partner or previous partner. Survey further stated that every one woman in four Australian women have experienced the Intimate partner Violence once in their life from the age of 15. Generally, for IPV partner is that person with whom respondent currently lives or previously lived with. IPV is the problem which is associated with severe health, social and economic consequences for women and for their families as well, and it also a severe threat for community (Stavrou, Poynton Weatherburn, 2016). As compared to woman who does not experience the intimate partner violence are almost 20 times higher in case of women who experience IPV. These facts are stated by the study conducted by NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR). Responses of 7800 womens are analyzed by BOCSAR who participated in the ABS Personal Safety Survey (PSS). Nearly 500 womens stated that they experience violence in the two years before the survey is conducted. Generally, Womens face IPV when there is lack of support or if they were financially depend on their partner (NSW, 2017). Some researches together with the samples of national representative states that IPV reported by women is equal to the violence reported by men. These researches are criticized by number of people and authorities because they are only focusing on participation rates and they are not assessing the impact of gender differences for the purpose of using the context of partner violence (Hamberger, 2005). Gender Violence and IPV: Before the period of 1970s, violence against women by their intimate partners has no name, but in the history of Canada different type of violence against women was a serious issue such as women physically abused by their male and no remedy is available for that until social scientists, practitioners, politicians, and the general public interfere in these situations for their own interest. Only forty years ago an exhaustive bibliography on wife beating was written, and after the introduction of this bibliography and efforts put by feminists there are number of residents of Ontario and other Canadian provinces providing attention to the issues related to harms experience by Womens during and after intimate relationships. However, these efforts results in reduction of some myths settle by society such as only poor womens are beaten up by their husbands (DeKeseredy Dragiewicz, 2009, Pp-1-3). In case partners become violent in their intimate relationship then they show different types of behavior and reason behind this behavior are also different and it result in different consequences. There is a great difference between the statistics of male and female who use violence against partner, and it completely depends on whether person is looking for violence related to situation and responsive violence. As per the claim of Family violence (FV) researchers, IPV is symmetrical in nature in which both men and women equally contribute as perpetrator of violence against their intimate partners. For the purpose of establishing the prevalence of violence in relationships, researchers of FV depends on the measurements of discrete acts such as slap or punch, and this data is considered as the primary or sole source of data related to the violence of individual respondents. FV researchers further claimed that IPV is symmetrical and reciprocal in nature, and this claimed is based on the act-based approach. FV states that violence in case of women is more severe as compared to men (Dobash Dobash, 2004, Pp-326-327). FV also used some other figures also such as they measure the various units of counting at different points of the systems processes like incidents, victims, and offenders, and these measurements are done at different reference period such as financial year, calendar year, and other reporting periods. This information is also collected from different agencies also and at different points in time which adds the complexity for the purpose of analysis different incidents (ABS, 2013). However, it must be noted that womens are not innocent and they also cause violence on their intimate partners. Almost 830000 men experience domestic violence every year. In every 37.8 seconds a men became the victim of domestic abuse in America, and these numbers are not accurate and actual figures are still not shown. As per the Jan Brown, the executive director and founder of the Domestic Abuse Helpline for Men, domestic violence must not be determine with gender, size or strength but it must be determined as control and power exercised by one partner over other and no matter whether you are a woman or man. Data was collected by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in 2001, related to health of 14322 individuals between the age of 18 and 28. This study also involve questions related to roman or sexual relationships in which that individual engaged in last 5 years and whether that relationships involved any kind of violence. The result of this research shows that ou t of 18761 relationships almost 76% relationships are not violent but other 24% involves violence. In this 24% half relationships are reciprocal and other half are not. In other words, in half relationships both partners are abusers and cause violence. Although nonreciprocal violent relationships are experienced by more men as compared to women, but more women as compared to men had once taken part in reciprocal violence (Rhymes, 2014). Causes of Intimate Partner Violence: Intimate partner violence or abuse initiates when partner feels the need to control the other partner or dominate the other partner. Abuser feels like that because of their low self-esteem, extreme jealousy, difficulties in regulating anger and other strong emotions, or when they feel inferior from their partner because of education or socioeconomic background. There are some more reasons such as many people have traditional beliefs that they have the right to control their partner, and they does not considered women as equal to men and there are some individuals who are suffering from undiagnosed personality disorder or psychological disorder. Whereas, there are number of individuals learned such behaviors in their houses where domestic violence is accepted as normal part of the life. Sometimes dominating nature of partner takes form of physical, emotional and sexual abuse. As per one study, violent behavior of individual caused by interaction of situational and individual factors w hich means that individual learn such behavior from their families, society, and from other cultural influences, and because of such influence either they become violent or victims themselves. There are some abusers who also experience violence in their childhood (Goldsmith, 2016). Masculinity was the other big reason of domestic violence. In starting the relationship between masculinity and violence was identified by those persons who stated that during the period of adolescence masculinity was internalized, and this concept explain the more interaction of boys as compared to girls with criminal justice system (Krienert, 2003). Therefore violence is more related with men and masculinity as compared to women and femininity. Kimmel argued that as compared to women mens are more indulged in violent behavior ad in number of studies males are considered as violence perpetrators while on the other hand females are considered as victims of the violence (Kimmel, 2004; Mills, 2001). This can be understand with the help of the example which stated that as per one study it was shown that during the period of adolescent more mens settle their disputes by choosing the way of fighting as compared to womens, and almost half of the male agreed that they involved in fighting i n last one year (Kimmel Mahler, 2003). Therefore, in case of mens status related to masculinity is high if they shows that they have can protect themselves, and this result in a higher self esteem as compared to others (Krienert, 2003). Things are different in case of females which states that if female involve in any such act involves aggression then they criticized for their behavior or get disrespect from other segments of society for not following the traits of feminine behaviors (Irwin and Chesney-Lind, 2008). As stated above, traits of masculinity are identified as one main reason of aggressive behavior among the men, but there are some other researchers also who stated some different socio-biological factors such as competition related to homosocial which directly predicts male violence. As stated by Kimmel, violence behavior of males occurred because of their roles in the oepidal drama, and for this purpose males try to detach themselves from their mother and get close to their father for establishing masculine identity (Lafrance, 2004). From the young age mens are socialized as to be real men, which means that they must have the ability to protect his family and he must show the traits of bravery and willingness for taking risks. Boys get the education related to use of physical force such on whom, when and why they should use physical force (Rubenser, 2007). Conclusion: After considering all the above figures and facts it is clear that experience of IPV in case of men and women are completely different. This paper clearly shows that in intimate partner violence, more Womens are the victims as compared to men. Studies shows high number of womens which get victimized from IPV but it does not mean that womens are completely innocent in these cases. As per one report, mens also experience domestic violence which shows the hidden face of domestic violence. This paper also states the causes of IPV, which state that masculinity, femininity and cultural background of individual play important role in domestic violence. Therefore, it is necessary that government use different methods to resolve these issues in case of male and female. References: ABC. Characteristics of Incidents. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4529.0main+features100112013. Accessed on 12th April 2017. CAD. Intimate Partner Violence. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/. Accessed on 12th April 2017. DeKeseredy W. Dragiewicz M. (2009), Shifting public policy direction: gender-focused versus bi-directional intimate partner violence, Queens Printer for Ontario. Avaiilable at: https://www.oaith.ca/assets/files/Publications/Shifting_Public_Policy_Direction.pdf. Accessed on 12th April 2017. Dobash R. Dobash R. 2004, Womens violence to men in intimate relationships: working on a puzzle, British Journal of Criminology, vol. 44, issue 3, pp. 324-349. Garcia-Moreno C. (2005). WHO multi-country study on womens health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and womens responses. Geneva: World Health Organization. Goldsmith, T. (2016). What Causes Domestic Violence. Available at: https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-causes-domestic-violence/. Accessed on 12th April 2017. Hamberger L 2005, Mens and womens use of intimate partner violence in clinical samples: toward a gender-sensitive analysis, Violence and Victims, vol. 20(2), pp. 131-151 Irwin, K. and Chesney-Lind, M. (2008). Girls violence: Beyond dangerous masculinity; Sociology Compass, 2/3, 837855. Kimmel, M. (2004). Masculinities, in Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Edited by Michael Kimmel and Amy Aronson, Abc-clio Publications. Kimmel, M.S.; Mahler, M., (2003). Adolescent masculinity, Homophobia, and violence, Random School Shootings, 1982-2001 American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46(10), 1439-1458. Krienert, J. L. (2003). Masculinity and crime: A quantitative exploration of Messerschmidts hypothesis; Electronic Journal of Sociology, 7(2). Mills, M. (2001). Boys and Violence in Schools: Everybodys Business, Education Views March (16). NSW, (2017). Assaults increase around Lockout Zones. Available at: https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Pages/bocsar_media_releases/2017/mr-Effect-of-lockout-laws-update-Sept-2016.aspx. Accessed on 12th April 2017. Rhymes, E. (2014). Woman As Aggressor: The Unspoken Truth Of Domestic Violence. Available at: https://www.mintpressnews.com/woman-aggressor-unspoken-truth-domestic-violence/196746/. Accessed on 12th April 2017. Rubenser, L., (2007). Actors influencing reporting behavior by male domestic violence victims; in Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence, Editor: Nicky Ali Jackson, Routledge Taylor Francis Group s.308-314. Stavrou, E. Poynton, S. and Weatherburn, D. (2016). Intimate partner violence against women in Australia: related factors and help-seeking behaviours. Available at: https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2016-Intimate-partner-violence-against-women-in-Australia-CJB200.pdf. Accessed on 12th April 2017.

Modelling Mental Health Services with Principles of Primary Health

Question: Discuss about the Modelling Mental Health Services with Principles of Primary Health Care. Answer: Modelling Mental Health Services with Principles of Primary Health Care This paper will first discuss the underlying principles of PHC. It will then go forward to address the administration of psychiatric services to the community, which is one of the nurses' roles in PHC. While discussing mental services, the paper will evaluate the way the current delivery of mental health care balances with the principles of PHC. Principles of Primary Health Care and Roles of Nurses For the sake of a substantial definition of PHC, this paper will define PHC as socially convenient, universally available, scientifically reliable level care. This care originates from the health administrations and frameworks with a flexible workforce containing multidisciplinary groups. At that point, these groups are sustained by incorporated referral structures. From this definition, it is then clear that PHC cannot be an independent domain with a health care sector, and it is from this purpose it accommodates the effort of community mental health nurses (CMHN). While this paper will center attention on mental health systems, it is no doubt that all health professionals need to understand the entire concept of PHC and the extent which the utilization of its principles can prevent and improve mental health. In (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015) PHC principles are accessibility, equity and Justice, education and use of appropriate technology, community participation and intersectoral collaboration, culturally safe environment, health promotion and illness prevention. Accessibility, Equity, and Justice By looking at equity, it's worth noting that mental disorders do not only affect the ill person. There is also the community where the patients come from. Another thing to understand is that this community has its perception regarding mental disorders (Poreddi, Reddemma, Ramachandra Math, 2013). Following this, CMHN come in to reduce the stigma associated with mental disorders. Its more of restoring the patients and their family dignity, and that is what the principle of equity and justice entail (Azetsop Ochieng, 2015). In offering social justice, CMHN usually employ the concept of dignity which is interlinked with social justice. Since social justice means equality with the notion of rendering equal privileges and opportunities in the society, (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012) states that mental health nurses help restore dignities to the mentally ill persons by treating them as well as educate the community to accommodate them. Like other patients, accessibility to mentally ill patients means being able to acquire quality treatment (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012). When there are mental health services in PHC, more people manage to receive those services. For instance, people consider PHC as the one closest place to run. Having psychiatrist in the PHC ensures development in physical accessibility of mental health nurses, and it saves people the traveling costs. Education and use of appropriate technology. With CMHN, mental health education has become a primary requirement among the consumers. Knowledge is a vehicle for fostering teamwork, and it soothes the adaptation process of living with the illnesses (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012). For example, psycho-education is a valuable therapeutic strategy to support the clients in handling their illness. Consumers who understand their treatment are collaborative, and they engage in actions that promote their recovery. Furthermore, (Happell, Bennetts, Platania-Phung Tohotoa, 2015) found that when mental health consumers start communicating with CMHN about their feelings, they receive advice that comfort which contributes to positive health outcomes. On the side of technology, digital media and resources like online forums, emails, websites and blogs among others are now universal in the society (Goss, Anthony, Stretch Nagel, 2016). One of the characteristics of technology integration in mental health is the technology based-assessment (TBA) and technology-assisted care (TAC) (Goss, Anthony, Stretch Nagel, 2016). TBA involves interventions like recovery support, treatment, relapse prevention, etc. On the other hand, TAC in mental health helps in transcending geographic boundaries enabling CMHN to reach an enormous number of consumers (Goss, Anthony, Stretch Nagel, 2016). In particularly, TAC helps CMHN to improve early access to care, engage patients online and undertake medication follow ups online. Community participation and Intersectoral Collaboration Community involvement means involving the patients or their care givers in expressing their views or engaging them in the decision-making process (Lawn, 2015). The involvement includes sharing their feelings, information, and adhering to health workers' instructions. Currently, CMHN view community participation as mainstream in their expectation and care practice (Lawn, 2015). With community engagement, CMHN assists the consumers to improve the quality of their lives at different levels. At a personal level, CMHN allows the consumers to have an input into their treatment and the services (Lawn, 2015). At the organizational level, CMHN accommodates the users contributions to health agencies or organization (Lawn, 2015). The consumers also participate in the discussion that aims to improve the community and make it a more inclusive environment for mentally ill persons. At the policy level, CMHN welcomes the consumers to work in the policy agencies or accommodates their inputs in the policy development (Lawn, 2015). In CMHN, intersectoral collaboration means maintaining a relationship with various community sectors (Subodh Nebhinani, 2016). Some of these are the health management sectors, social services, education, transportation, local government, etc. For example, a collaboration between CMHN, and tobacco control sectors can come up with legislation, or a policy empowers the CMHN to launch quit-smoking programs. Culturally safe environment A good definition of culture is the collection of values, beliefs, and knowledge inherited through generation. On the other hand, cultural sensitivity would mean being open to the manners in which people and their lifestyle shape health and their health behaviors (Yearwood Hines-Martin, 2016). Therefore, cultural safety is an approach that encompasses an exploration to reflect on and understand one's own culture and the way it interacts with other cultures. In CMHN, cultural safe environment is a tool for upholding equity, and for bringing empowerment to the people. CMHN systems respond to articulating cultural competence within all stages of service delivery (Yearwood Hines-Martin, 2016). The overall interrelationship gives cultural competence a different classic definition. The concept identifies competence as a set of unified attitudes, policies, and behaviors that empower the CMHN systems to function effectively within a cross-cultural setting. With the help CMHN, the integrated society understands the impacts of mental disorders on the social health and their health care systems (Yearwood Hines-Martin, 2016). Also, CMHN helps the society to utilize the community health services. Despite that CMHN goes to the extent of compulsory assessment when an ill person objects the assessment, it's also easier to see that the outcome is for the benefit of the society (Procter, Hamer, McGarry, Wilson Froggatt, 2013). The entire activity is for the good of the community as it eradicates what would have been a critical disease (Procter, Hamer, McGarry, Wilson Froggatt, 2013). Therefore, CMHNs are sometimes forced to use their professional judgments in maintaining the safety of the bigger society. Health Promotion and Illness prevention In CMHN, Health promotion is a practice that centers its focus on the components of mental health. In (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012), this emphasis endeavors to maintain peoples health or even make it better. In other words, promotion of mental health attempts to enhance the societys capacity to accomplish psychosocial well-being and assist consumers in handling their adversities. On the other hand, CMHN prevention of illnesses administers the various causes of mental diseases, and the steps that people can take to avoid the risk to those diseases (WHO, 2015). By looking at mental diseases prevention, CMHN looks at the three areas of prevention. One of these is the primary prevention. This one targets the entire population while examining the multiple determinants of mental illnesses. The other one is the secondary prevention. This one comprises of early detection of the disorder and its intervention, and also targets the entire population (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012). Lastly, the tertiary prevention. This one administers the entire community for the process of recovery and reduction of the risks (WHO, 2015). Practically, CMHN facilitates the developmental programs and undertake timed achievement goal plans for health promotion. In the same way, they evaluate their progress on the main developmental programs. Besides, they focus their attention and funding to those important programs of mental health promotion and disease prevention (Tee, Brown Carpenter, 2012). Moreover, while undertaking their programs, they keep in mind the gender and the age of those who are at risk of critical mental health problems. Conclusion The integration of mental health system into PHC offers CMHN nurses with an opening to advocate for the rights of mentally ill persons. This also saves the patients costs and brings equity of access to care to the community. Through education and technology integration, mentally ill persons get a chance to enjoy the benefits of education and technology as other patients. Above all, CMHN help to restore the dignity of the patients and assist them to acquire a space in the society as other persons. References World Health Organization [WHO]. (2015). WHO global strategy on integrated people-centred health services 2016-2026. Placing People and Communities at The Centre Of Health Services. Retrieved from https://africahealthforum.afro.who.int/?-documents- Yearwood, E., Hines-Martin, V. (2016). Routledge handbook of global mental health nursing (1st ed.). Taylor Francis. Tee, S., Brown, J., Carpenter, D. (2012). Handbook of mental health nursing (1st ed.). London: Hodder Arnold. Subodh, B., Nebhinani, N. (2016). Promoting mental health: Need for international collaboration. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 32(3), 287. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9962.193272 Procter, N., Hamer, H., McGarry, D., Wilson, R., Froggatt, T. (2013). Mental health (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. Poreddi, V., Reddemma, K., Ramachandra, Math, S. (2013). People with mental illness and human rights: A developing countries perspective. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 117. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.111447 Lawn, S. (2015). Integrating service user participation in mental health care: what will it take? International Journal of Integrated Care, 15(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.1992 Happell, B., Bennetts, W., Platania-Phung, C., Tohotoa, J. (2015). Exploring the Scope of Consumer Participation in Mental Health Nursing Education: Perspectives from Nurses and Consumers. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 52(3), 169-177. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12113 Goss, S., Anthony, K., Stretch, L., Nagel, D. (2016). Technology in mental health (2nd ed.). Charles C Thomas Publisher. Azetsop, J., Ochieng, M. (2015). The right to health, health systems development and public health policy challenges in Chad. Philosophy, Ethics, And Humanities in Medicine, 10(1), 1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13010-015-0023-z

Multi

Introduction A project can be defined as a set of planned activities that are used to come up with clear and specific objectives within a given timeline and budget. The activities of a project are generally involving and painstaking, beginning with the identification of resource mobilization team and task force that helps to develop the necessary resource allocations and core operational lending to fund the project.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A full participatory approach that entails a multi-disciplinary/multi-sectored approach is necessary to expedite the project cycle activities. The design phase of a project cycle is very crucial because it is the design process that determines the most feasible way through which the problem can be tackled, or objectives can be met. The involvement of a multi-disciplinary approach in participation e nsures that the project is successful and sustainable. However, as a development practitioner, one experiences various challenges while conducting a multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis hence affecting the actual outcome of the project. This paper aims at discussing the challenges/problems that a development practitioner experiences while conducting the aforementioned analysis. Discussion Stakeholders/beneficiaries are people who have a direct, significant and particular interest in given natural resources hence, have the liberty to express their views in a proposed project. Primary and secondary stakeholders, who have personal interests in the proposed project that addresses the problems concerned, are identified through a stakeholder analysis. Stakeholder analysis is very important as it helps in the development of strategic views that can be applied to address the problem. Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis entails the identification of the different kinds of stakeholders who will take part in project development. These stakeholders are very important at every stage of the project cycle because each stage is related to the needs of the stakeholders in one way or the other (Caldwell, 2002). Appendix 1 represents a table that could be used in multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis (Gawler, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are primary/direct stakeholders and these are very essential with regard to conservation. They are directly affected by any outcome of the project based on action taken hence; they are a very critical component of the project design process because wrong action will not yield into the desired impact of the project. The development practitioner should ensure that he/she clearly identifies the primary stakeholders as they are very essential in ensuring sustainability of the project. Secondary stakeholders are those wit h an indirect interest in the project. They entail donors, national government officials, consumers and private enterprises. Despite the fact that they are not included in all stages of the project, their periodic contribution is required (Guijt Woodhill, 2002). Opposition stakeholders adversely affect outcome of the project as they have the power to influence and control resources. They are mainly political leaders and mainly also known as gate-keepers. As a development practitioner, it is very important to establish a very good rapport with these stakeholders. In addition, it is very important that the practitioner develops amicable strategies of handling such stakeholders because they usually have personal interests. These stakeholders are interested in gaining favor from the rest of the population hence will seek to have all the credit given to them irrespective of the fact that they did not contribute much (Howlett, et al., 2000). Marginalized stakeholders are suppressed and t heir voices not given the importance they deserve. Irrespective of their input to project design and management, they lack the capacity of getting equally involved in a participatory approach during project design, implementation and management. It is left to the development practitioner to ensure that the marginalized stakeholders gain the recognition they deserve during problem identification, formulation of objectives, establishing the relevant approaches to addressing the problem and evaluating the strategy selected to determine its relevance in achieving the formulated objectives (Dickinson, 2002; Parpart, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development practitioner should determine the nature and limits of every stakeholder’s role in the project. This is important to avoid misunderstandings that may prevent successful im plementation of the program. Some stakeholders can only play their roles to a certain point hence, the practitioner should know the limitations and the type of stake each stakeholder is willing to offer. Failure to identify what each stakeholder is willing to offer may lead to disagreements thereafter thus affecting the success of the project. Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is a very critical process that requires adequate time for the development practitioner to explore stakeholders’ views, values and perspectives and obtain their insight with regard to human and institutional landscape. The stakeholder’s insight determines whether collaboration is necessary (WWF Ecoregion Conservation Strategies Unit, 2000; Rahman, 1995). Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is very inherent to any participatory approach because it helps planners to confirm the effects of a certain activity, identify marginalized groups who will be affected by the project’s develop ment activities. In addition, it ensures cost-effectiveness of the project because different disciplines come together to identify a common ground for action. This way, each discipline contributes partly to the success of the project cycle rather than leaving the entire project burden and budget to one party. The involvement of various disciplines in a project prevents duplication of resources hence saves on resources and avoids wastage. However be affected by cultural values and beliefs of a people. Gender issues are a main I pediment to the success of projects. This is because, discrimination by gender excludes some stakeholders from the project cycle hence, the project address the problems of all stakeholders (Razavi, 1998; Lind, 1997). Multi-stakeholder analysis in project cycle involves various parties from national, international organizations, private sector and the civil society. The recent notion in project cycle development is that networking in an integrated way should be embraced so as to achieve the actual objectives of the project.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A participatory approach in project development is assumed involve each and every person with a stake, choice and voice in the project cycle development process. Unfortunately, this approach may be governed by gendered interests hence, not giving the least powerful the chance to voice in their views and opinions. A development practitioner experiences difficulties related to, equity and inclusion during multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis given the fact that participation discourse has shifted from mere beneficiary participation to involve questions related to rights, governance and citizenship (Gaventa, 2002; Becker, 2001). The involvement of stakeholders in a project participation discourse in most occasions, boils down to a situation whereby only the few vocal voices are raised and heard. Women have been seen to lose out where their presence and views are marginalized in the so called ‘participatory processes.’ In such a case, it becomes very difficult for a deve lopment practitioner to foster full participation in projects. Gender and full participation with regard to development is considered to be rather fraught and is associated with tensions and contradictions that are too much for a development practitioner to handle. Gender and development assumes a top-down approach since the views of both genders are not adequately considered due to prevailing frames of references and lack of wide participation in setting agenda and implementing proposed ideas (Guijt, 1994; Razavi Miller, 1995.). Every beneficiary has a right to his/her voice in development while integrating various disciplines to help alleviate poverty and injustice in the society. It would be important to entail political, organizing, practical and creative factors to help in addressing poverty and injustice, where the political factor would play a great role in ensuring that legal frameworks defend and advance the rights of the poor and marginalized. Organization focuses on ensu ring that people organize themselves in a proper way for collective struggle (Fals-Borda Rahman, 1991). In a culture where gender discrimination is evident, it becomes difficult for the development practitioner to fight against cultural values and ways despite the fact that full participation is achieved without discrimination of any sort. Women, just like men, have important roles to carry out in project management and design. Women and children are the most vulnerable in society and therefore, involving women just the same way as men would enhance the success of the project. Gender mainstreaming, where the development practitioner creates an environment in which both men and women have an equal role to play and voice in their views unanimously, should be developed. This way, varied responses encompassing all genders are incorporated into the project. However, gender mainstreaming in an environment where gender discrimination is evident would not easy to achieve as a development p ractitioner (The Netherlands, ITAD Ltd, 1999; McPhail Jacobs, 1995). The involved stakeholders are the key parties that identify problems and issues that need to be addressed. In developing countries, a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) has been used to foster participation in prevailing projects. PRA entails the use of semi-structured but highly participatory activities that draw on the local communities’ knowledge and skills, while assisting them to assess their environment and resources. This approach is bent on the fact that solutions should derived from the local community (Pratt, 2001; Leach, Mearns Scoones, 1997). Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis helps to establish a rapport between the facilitator and the stakeholders, which is very essential for the success of a project. It is the first step in any project cycle because conducting a multi-stakeholder analysis is important for developing the required task force necessary to ensure that every stage of the pr oject cycle is successful, addressing the relevant issues affecting the stakeholders. However, it is very important that the facilitator suitably identifies the relevant stakeholders A multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis helps to formulate SMART objectives. In addition, this analysis helps to identify the locally available resources that can be included while addressing the problem at hand. The analysis also helps to identify conflicts of interests among the stakeholders hence; it will be easy to manage the stakeholders. Unfortunately, the conflicts can be very overwhelming for the facilitator such that it could lead to derailment of the project. The development practitioner should use the multi-stakeholder analysis process to develop appropriate strategies that will ensure that stakeholders’ conflicts of interests do not interfere with the success of the project (Insight Partnership, 1995). The analytical importance of gender as a vital element is obscured by the narrow focus on gender relations. When a project fails to address gender related issues at the start of the project, then it becomes difficult to incorporate them in the subsequent stages of the project cycle. A project that does not include the varying needs of men and women in social, linguistic, economic and cultural contexts is likely to be ineffective, unsustainable and inefficient. The development practitioner, who is mainly the facilitator/chairperson, may have a difficult time trying to identify the relevant stakeholders so they can take part in needs assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of the project. This is because; individuals with personal interests may mislead the practitioner and he/she ends up identifying the wrong program and as a result, the project will not achieve intended objectives due to poor targeting (Rahman, 1995). A project may fail if the development practitioner does not adequately factor in the interests and groups of the different stakeholders in the area where a project is to be implemented. In such a case, stakeholders who feel that their interests are not adequately taken into account may use their power to prevent attainment of objectives. Therefore, it is very important that a development practitioner ensures that the interests of all the involved stakeholders are factored in during throughout the project cycle (Robb, 1999). Stakeholders may not be willing to accept the project. Such a case happens when the project was done while using a top-down approach hence, it may not be relevant to the stakeholders. Assuming the case of Australia’s aid program, environmental management system is developed and executed with the aim of achieving sound environmental performance. It establishes a structure through which environmental issues are addressed by allocation of resources, assignment of responsibilities and evaluation of practices, procedures and processes useful during the development, implementation, achievement, review and maintenance of policy and legal setting (Standards Australia/ Standards New Zealand, 1996 cited in Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). The EMS undergoes five steps to successfully develop a project/program that will ensure that environmental objectives in Australia are met. The first step entails comprehending policy and legal setting under which the desired useful activities will be implemented. Different stakeholders, that is, the AusAID staff, contractors, NGOs and associated development partners are required to fully understand the legal obligations related to AusAID’s activities to successfully carry out the assessment and properly manage the associated activities. The AusAID is involved with poverty reduction and environmental growth, stability and prosperity. The involvement of the relevant stakeholders helps to establish essential links that greatly fosters the effectiveness of the program in as far as poverty reduction was concerned (Commonwealth of Austral ia, 2003; Rademacher Patel, 2002). Multi-disciplinary approach of the AusAID is important as the Minister for Environment and Heritage is required to give advice before executing a project. Involving the Minister is very important because he/she is well aware of the objectives that the nation seeks to attain hence, will be in a position to give his/her opinion regarding the feasibility of the project with regard to the desired program effects. This example clearly indicates that the AusAID program identifies the desired stakeholders by conducting a training to create awareness. In this example, it is evident that the stakeholders involved are staff, contractors, NGOs and related parties involved in the implementation of the program’s activities. This example shows that while conducting a project, relevant stakeholders should be included in the project. This fosters the success and ability of the project to achieve its objectives. In addition, this network of stakeholders doe s not specify a certain gender or group of social group of people. The main focus is the ability to perform and objectives of the project. Depending on the role of each stakeholder, all will work collectively to carry on with assessment, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and review. Assuming that a different group of stakeholders were selected, that which did not have knowledge about AusAID, its objectives and policies, the successful execution of the project would be jeopardized (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). A development practitioner encounters a hard time trying to involve all the relevant stakeholders within a location into the project. This is because; some of the stakeholders are overwhelmed with responsibilities thus present themselves as secondary stakeholders. The AusAID example shows this. Therefore, a practitioner is not able to create a mainstream environment that allows for multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis because some of the stakeholders are tied u p in other events or responsibilities. In such a case, the practitioner is obliged to continuously update other stakeholders, who are not able to frequently avail themselves. The development practitioner is faced with the responsibility of making the stakeholders aware of the fact that power is not a priority at the time. The most crucial thing during multi-disciplinary analysis is to ensure that various aspects of the society integrate with one another for the good of everyone and not for only those to whom power has been bestowed upon. Different stakeholders may discriminate against one another yet, when selected applying the recommended protocol, all the stakeholders are very important for the success and effectiveness of the project (Howlett, et al., 2000). When multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is done correctly, the stakeholders’ interests are met and they gain capacity development, which is very important for project sustainability and ownership. In addition, the stakeholders are able to integrate the locally available resources to ensure the sustainability of the project. Sustainability is successful when a full participatory approach is achieved involving a mainstreamed environment. Some stakeholders would want to use their power to govern the use and control of the project yet, the project is meant to benefit everyone regardless of their status. It is difficult for the facilitator to ensure that the project maintains an impartial approach that does not favor anyone due to their individual power or position. Every stakeholder involved in the design and management of the project has an equal right to the project (The Unit for Social and Environmental Research at Chang Mai University (USER), 2004.). Conclusion Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is the initial and critical process of any project cycle. It is the determinant factor with regard to the success of the project. Understanding the views and opinions of the different stakeholde rs helps in designing a project that is relevant to the stakeholders. Identifying the ideal and relevant stakeholders to take part in the project management and design process is not easy but it should be carefully carried out. The stakeholders identified are a representative of the rest of the population hence; it is assumed that the needs of the stakeholders are a representation of the entire population within a particular society. If the stakeholder analysis is not carried out correctly, then the project ends up not addressing the desired society needs. Gender discrimination therefore, should be avoided and a full participatory approach encouraged. Reference List Becker, H. A., 2001. Social impact assessment. European Journal of Operational Research, 128, 311–21. Caldwell, R., 2002. Project Design Handbook (Working Draft Full Version 1.0 July 2002). Atlanta: CARE International. Commonwealth of Australia, 2003. Environmental Management Guide for Australia’s Aid Progr am 2003: AusAID. Canberra: AusAID. Dickinson, P., 2002. Preparing monitoring plans for the TDPs. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International. Gaventa, J., 2002. Introduction: exploring citizenship, participation and accountability. IDS Bulletin, 33, 1–11. Gawler, M., 2005. Project Design in the Context of Project Cycle Management. Prà ©vessin-Moà «ns: Artemis Services. Guijt, I., 1994. Making a difference: integrating gender analysis into PRA. PRA Notes, 19, 49–55. Guijt, I., Woodhill, J., 2002. Managing for Impact in Rural Development: A Guide for Project M E. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Office of Evaluation and Studies. Fals-Borda, O., Rahman, M. A., 1991. Action and knowledge: Breaking the monopoly with Participatory Action Research. New York: Apex Press. Howlett, D., et al. 2000. Stakeholder Analysis and Local Identification of Indicators of the Success and Sustainability of Farming Based Livelihood Systems. Sustainability Indicators for Natural Resource Policy, Wo rking Paper No. 5, Department for International Development (UK) Insight Partnership, 1995. Goal Oriented Project Planning Facilitator Training: Individual Procedures. The Netherlands: Little van der Geer. Leach, M., Mearns, R., Scoones, I. Eds. 1997. Community based sustainable development: consensus or conflict. IDS Bulletin, 28 (4), 12. Lind, A., 1997. Gender, development and urban social change: women’s community action in global cities. World Development, 25, 1205–1223. McPhail, K. Jacobs, S., 1995. Social Assessment. Washington D.C: The World Bank. Parpart, J., 1999. Rethinking participation, empowerment and development from a gender perspective. In J. Freedman (Ed.), Transforming development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Pratt, G., 2001. Practitioners! Critical reflections on PRA and participation in Nepal. IDS Working Paper no. 122. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies. Pretty, J., 1995. Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. Worl d Development, 23, 1247–1263. Rademacher, A., Patel, R., 2002. Retelling worlds of poverty: reflections on transforming participatory research for a global narrative. In Brock, K., McGee, R. Eds. Knowing poverty: Critical reflections on participatory research and policy. London: Earth scans Publications. Rahman, M., 1995. People’s self-development: Perspectives on Participatory Action Research. London: Zed Books. Razavi, S., 1998. Gendered poverty and social change. Discussion Paper DP. 94, Geneva: UNRISD. Razavi, S., Miller, C., 1995. From WID to GAD: Conceptual shifts in the women and development discourse. Occasional Paper no. 1, Geneva: UNRISD. Robb, C., 1999. Can the poor influence policy? Participation in the World Bank’s poverty assessments. Washington, DC: World Bank. The Netherlands, ITAD Ltd, 1999. Project Cycle Management Training Handbook. EC, Brussels: ITAD. The Unit for Social and Environmental Research at Chang Mai University (USER), 2004. Sust ainable Production-Consumption Systems. Thailand: Chiang Mai.  https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/cid WWF Ecoregion Conservation Strategies Unit, 2000. Stakeholder Collaboration: Building Bridges for Conservation. Washington, DC: WWF US. Appendix This essay on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis was written and submitted by user Sage Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Multi Besides international trade, FDI by multinational corporations is a great force that is driving globalization of â€Å"the world economy† (Eun Resnick, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-National Corporations Definition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the report presented by the UN, there are more than six hundred thousand multinational corporations across the world with more than a half a million foreign affiliates (Eun Resnick, 2007). In the course of the 1990s, these corporations’ FDI increased at the rate of ten percent annually while international trade’s annual growth rate was 3.5 percent in the same period (Eun Resnick, 2007). Moreover, it is reported that the worldwide MNCs’ sales increased to eleven trillion dollars in the year 1998, â€Å"compared to about $7 trillion of world exports in the same year† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). It is indica ted that the multinational corporations are influencing the global economy. In this paper, there is going to be a discussion on MNCs and what motivates them to invest overseas. There is also going to be a discussion about different risks these corporations face and how they manage them. A multinational corporation can be defined as â€Å"a business firm incorporated in one country that has production and sales operations in several other countries† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). This involves a situation where a firm acquires the sales operations and production from one national market and the financial capital from another; producing commodities â€Å"with labor and capital equipment in a third country, and selling the finished product in yet other national markets† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, among the MNCs, there are t hose that carry out business operations in various nations. They receive funding from the main money market centres across the globe in various currencies. It is pointed out that â€Å"global operations force the treasurer’s office to establish international banking relationships, place short-term funds in several currency dominations, and effectively manage foreign exchange risk† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). The benefits that the MNCs can gain from investing overseas are the motivating factors for making such investments (Eun Resnick, 2007). They may gain from having a global presence in a number of ways. Firstly, they can gain from the economies of scale which may be realized though undertaking various activities. For instance, they may realize this by engaging in spreading expenditures of research and development and costs of advertising over sales made on the international market. Moreover, they can realize economies of scale by â€Å"pooling the global purchasing power over suppliers† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.17). They can also realize this by using the managerial and technological skills internationally, with very low extra costs. Another gain from investing overseas is that these corporations can utilize their worldwide presence to capitalize on the lower labor service prices that are found in particular developing nations, and in turn acquire â€Å"access to special RD capabilities residing in advanced foreign countries† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.17). Without any doubt, the MNCs can engage in leveraging their worldwide presence in order to increase profit margins and also to realize value creation (Eun Resnick, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-National Corporations Definition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The emerging markets are quite attractive and present great opportunities for the MNCs to invest. However, these markets are greatly unpredi ctable and may present various political risks. Under international finance, a political risk is said to exist in a situation where the political change can contribute towards having discontinuities within the business environment which are very hard to foresee. According to Thunnel (1977), there are two types of political risks; one of them is sovereign risk. This occurs in the host nations where a MNC can be affected by either social or government instability which may involve having revolutions and political strikes among others. The other type involves risks that occur between the host nation and the home country of the MNC, and this may involve having wars, trade frictions and â€Å"cross-currency control risks† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.362). The biggest risk that the multinational corporations face is â€Å"expropriation or nationalization of their investment, and forced withdrawal from the host country† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.362). Expropriation may involve a ho st nation engaging in appropriating the rents or profits of the multinational corporation by rising the levels of taxes imposed on direct foreign investment or otherwise, utilizing its authority to moderately expropriate (Liu Bjornson, 1998). The MNCs manage risks that they face through various ways. One of them is through insurance. Several developed nations engage in selling the political risk insurance in order to cover the domestic companies as well as foreign assets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in 1979, the United States government set up the â€Å"’Overseas Private Investment Corporation’ which provides insurance against expropriation, currency inconvertibility, political violence, and also loss of business income from interruptions to DFI operations† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.363). In 1988, MIGA or â€Å"Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency† was set up in order to boost â€Å"investment for economic development by insuring foreign investment against currency transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, civil disturbances, and breach of contract† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.363). The MNCs also manage the risk exposure by negotiating the environment. They do this by making concession agreements with the government of the host country before investing. They define the responsibilities as well as the rights of these two parties. These may include having tax breaks, constructing the infrastructure and having property rights that a re defined in a clear manner. The â€Å"negotiating environment† approach was used in the case that involved China as a host country and McDonald’s in 1994, to deal with the issue of property rights (Liu Bjornson, 1998). The other effective approach is to restructure the investment. Basing on this approach, the multinational corporations seek to bring down the level of their exposure to risks by â€Å"increasing the host country’s cost of interference with company operations† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, 363). Among the strategies of this nature is vertical integration which â€Å"keeps the local affiliate dependent on external MNC subsidiaries for inputs or market† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, 363). In conclusion, it has been established in the discussion that the multinational corporations are motivated to invest in foreign countries by the potential benefits that such investments bring. By investing overseas, they can gain from the economies of scale and may also be able to take advantage of the lower labor costs that are found mostly in developing nations. However, the MNCs also face political risks such as revolutions, political strikes, wars, trade frictions and â€Å"cross-currency control risks† among others. The MNC have been managing these risks by using such approaches as taking insurance cover, negotiating the environment and restructuring the investment among others. References Eun, C.S. Resnick, B.G. (2007). International Financial Management. (4th ed.)New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Liu, Y. Bjornson, B. (1998). Managing exposure of direct foreign investment to political risk: The case of food businesses in China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 1(3), 359 – 372. Thunnel, H. L. (1977). Political risk in international business: Investment behaviour of multinational corporations. New York, NY: Prager Publishers. This essay on Multi-National Corporations Definition was written and submitted by user Kaylynn Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.