Analysis Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury And Oryx And...

Throughout the novels, Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and Oryx and Crake written by Margaret Atwood, family plays a large role in the flow of the plot. It is throughout both novels where one can see how great an effect familial ties and expression have on the way a single family works and how these workings are a smaller reflection of what society sees as its average. Without family structure and a way for one to express themselves society would not be able to function. What is the true significance and benefits of a family structure? A family structure is essentially a support system where the other party can give or take without having any need to repay the other, a system where on does not seek compensation. A family system is†¦show more content†¦To further dwell into this idea we can look at the effects these emotional disconnects had on the temperament of the protagonists and those around them. One can infer that in both instances that neither protagonists coul d fit under the title of normal, even in the universe they lived in they could not be considered normal. Jimmy was detached from society and his true feelings and preferred to go with the flow of society instead of trying to truly fit in while in contrast was tired of going with the flow and wanted to understand why he was not truly happy, in both cases one can see that they do not fit in. This can be seen at a greater degree when DiMarco gives us a reason for Jimmy’s disconnect, â€Å"A division of communities and labor is at the crux of Atwood’s construction of the boys’ early development. That they grow up naturalized to the idea of separation is symbolized by the very real walls that enclose their communities.† (2). DiMarco describes Jimmy as being isolated from the rest of the world because of the enclosed community he lives in, and this explains things to a large degree. Jimmy is surrounded by a scientific community that is well off compared to thos e outside, he’s sheltered and mentally groomed, and witnessing what’s around him he knows that it’s not normal, but because he was raised in such a community it’s gets harder and harder for him to distinguish between what is normal and unusual in the way his family works. The same thing can be said for

Obamacare Assessment Of Obama Care Essay - 1116 Words

Written Lesson: Helen Assessment of Obama care The proponents of â€Å"Obamacare† hailed the reforms as a â€Å"landmark† legislation in the landscape of health care industry. They asserted that it to be a comprehensive reform aimed towards revising the painfully expensive health care costs, providing affordable medical services, covering millions of people under insurance cover and help fight against unfair practices in the industry. Meanwhile, the opponents have expressed their concerns over the reforms being â€Å"unconstitutional† in nature and leading to heavy expenditures leading to an increase in deficit, decrease in quality of healthcare and rise in associated costs. The opposition to the same is evident from the fact that the house of representatives voted several times to repeal or replace the reform. This thesis examines the Obamacare health care reform policy from a non-partisan view, which will observe whether it stands up to its promise of ensuring health security for the millions of people in t he country wherein the health care industry spends more and delivers less. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is arguably the most important legislation to have ever been introduced for the masses since the implementation of Medicare and Medicaid act of 1965. It was specially designed to address the issues of accessibility, affordability and ensure best quality services in the health care sector (Barack Obama, . 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Building Trust Free Essays

Teaching Guide Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE: TEACHING OBJECTIVES: Manager must win the trust †¢ Importance of building trust of over 500 employees in his with people when leading a large team Understandcall center team to motivate ing how to earn the trust them to maximize customer of subordinates who are different than you satisfaction. LEADERSHIP DECISION AND RESULT: Manager ? nds a common ground with people, learns their names, changes his dress, learns about their job, and makes himself visible to win their trust. Importance of knowing your people and their job †¢ Importance of identifying with your people and being visible. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Trust or any similar topic only for you Order Now Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus TEACHING THEMES: †¢ Motivating Teams †¢ Vision, Values and Culture †¢ Taking Charge Building Trust Jim Roth Manager, Dell Background on Company Dell, Inc. and its subsidiaries engage in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and support of various computer systems and services worldwide. Discussion Questions: Have you ever had to build trust with a large number of people who are fundamentally different than you? †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing yourself as part of a team rather than leading a team? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? †¢ What does Jim mean when he says that a manager should be â€Å"conscious of how they ? t into the organization† and â€Å"have a sense they are always on stage? † Background on Leader Jim Roth is a graduate of Nort hwestern and has a Masters degree in Industrial Engineering. He worked as a Venture Capitalist, in a software start up, in management consulting and at Dell manages a large tech support team of 500 people. 1 Building Trust | Jim Roth These videos are prepared for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 1: (Run Time: 1 minute 5 seconds) Challenge: Manager must win the trust of over 500 employees in his call center team to motivate them to maximize customer satisfaction. Note: Operations are 24/7 and units are located in Texas and Idaho. This is the ? rst time Jim has managed a large (550 person with 26 managers) group—he felt intimidated. The pressure to reach 90% looming. Dell had prioritized Wall Street ahead of customers— and service suffered—lots of bad press. better results. You think this new manager is too â€Å"touchy feely† and will get walked all over. You want results! Group Work (optional): Assume it is the ? rst day on the job as the new manager of this team. Discuss what you should do. Writing Exercises (optional): Write a message to the managers of your new organization, setting expectations about the team and goals they will be working towards moving forward. Describe your leadership style and approach to the challenge. Make your message motivational. Discussion Questions: †¢ Have you ever had to build trust with a large number of people who are fundamentally different than you? What did you do? What are the advantages of disadvantages of being the boss who is feared? †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? Oral Presentations (optional): As the new manager, give an introductory speech to the managers in your organization about you an d the goals you hope to achieve. Clearly state the messages you want to convey to your direct reports. Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and his Supervisor (Sam) whose leadership philosophy is very different and thinks a manager should be feared by his people. Explain yourself and try to gain your supervisor’s trust. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should think of your team as your customers and make every effort to make their job easier. You do not want to be feared by your people and think you will be even more productive thanks to your leadership style. †¢ Background for Supervisor (Sam): You think the new manager needs to come in strong and put fear in his employees to achieve 2 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 2: (Run Time: 3 minutes 20 seconds) Decision: Manager ? nds a common ground with people, learns their names, changes his dress, learns about their job, and he makes himself visible to win their trust. Writing Exercises (optional): As the manager, write an email to your employees announcing your new purchase of headsets for all agents. Discuss how they will be distributed. Will you incentivize the high performers by awarding them with new headsets ? rst? Discussion Questions: †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? †¢ Is there anything Jim should do differently and how successful do you think he will be with his approach? †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing your team as your customers? Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and direct report (Fred) who believes everybody needs new headsets and new chairs. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should make your people more comfortable, but you are limited in budget and must make your people and Fred understand there are limits to what you can do for them. †¢ Background for Direct Report (Fred): You think everybody needs new headsets and chairs. You know the new manager is anxious to make a positive impression and you think this purchase could help. Group Work (optional): What does Jim mean by having an â€Å"early victories† when he talks about getting new headsets? What kind of a precedent does this set and how should he manage expectations for the future? 3 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 3 and 4: (Run Time: 2 minutes 10 seconds) Writing Exercises (optional): As the Manager, write an email to your team telling them how you want them to come to you when they have problems. You want them to understand you are there to help them, but also don’t want them to abuse this privilege. Make the message motivational. Result and Lessons Learned: Manager receives feedback from his people and sees this as a victory that he has earned their trust. To earn trust and improve performance, it is important to learn the details about your people to determine why they come to work everyday. Discussion Questions: †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing yourself as part of a team rather than leading a team? †¢ What does Jim mean when he says that a manager should be conscious of â€Å"how they ? t into the organization† and â€Å"have a sense they are always on stage? † †¢ What does Jim mean when he says a manager should come across as a â€Å"real person? † †¢ Do you agree or disagree with Jim’s statement when he talks about his subordinates, â€Å"They are not beneath you. † Explain. Group Work (optional): Discuss the ideal leadership style and image of a manager for a large organization who needs to improve team performance. Oral Presentations (optional): Assume you are talking about your vision for the future of your team. You are in front of 300 of your employees and when you pause, somebody from the audience yells out a quote you said three months ago that is different than what you are saying now. Everybody laughs and starts talking amongst themselves. How do you handle this and what do you say? 4 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. How to cite Building Trust, Essay examples

Business Management The Restaurant Business

Question: Describe about the Business Management for The Restaurant Business. Answer: Business Concept Introduction: The purpose of restaurant business, The Urban Kitchen is to serve a different taste of healthy food with unique service experience to the people of Auckland with most competitive style. The basic idea is to offer alternative healthy food diet for people who are busy in their daily schedule but is concerned about their physical health and wellbeing. The primary purpose of this business idea is to generate profit revenue from the excellent product and service quality. The crucial objective of the organization is that all the products of The Urban will be 100% organic and freshly grown in local farms and maintaining good hygiene in the restaurant with highly skilled employees to provide world class service customer experience. The restaurant will provide comfort and health benefit for food lovers by offering an excellent dining experience. Vision Statement: The Urban Restaurant wants to become one of the most trusted brands in organic food restaurant industry. Mission Statement: The Urban Restaurant wants to enter the segment with storming new healthy organic food products. The management has decided to set up the first restaurant in the downtown area of the Auckland city to attract highest number of customers. Goal And Objective: The primary business goal and objective of The Urban Kitchen is topresent the healthier and tastier organic restaurant food with real time experience and value of money over other dine out restaurants. The management of The Urban Restaurant has set goals with the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Defined) objectives to achieve. The management has decided to upgrade the skills and abilities of the employees from kitchen to the table service in world class etiquettes and maintain hygienic and clean restaurant environment so that the customer feels that The Urban Kitchen is there to take care of their health. The management of Urban Kitchen want to gain a subsequent 15% of the market share in the next two years of the Auckland restaurant industry. This business is based on the concept of good work ethics and liability to the community. For management making business profit is as important as developing and maintaining community development, so The Urban Kitchen will help the suppliers to produce organic vegetables and meats and encourage environmental protection and will donate a percentage of annual revenue profit in local environment conservation programs. Also, the management has decided to open a new restaurant in the airport area of Auckland in the next six months. Legal Structure Of Business: Initially the legal status of the business will be operated by two members; Mr. Jeff Richman and Mr. Goldie Orman which possibly will extend in case of other new outlets or products that may include considerable business growth. The Urban Kitchen is basically a partnership business where both the partners have equal shares and liable for all business taxes and debts. Suppliers: Providing fresh organic food is the primary objective of The Urban Kitchen so to maintain that the management has decided to approach local farms and cattle farms and assists them to produce organic vegetables and meats and from them the restaurant will buy their daily requirements directly. The Urban Kitchen has even planned to support financially and provide training to the farmers to growing organic vegetables. And then the management will establish a long term relationship with suppliers for reasonable organic food delivered every day according to the plan that will be beneficial for the restaurant. The Urban Kitchen has supplier centric strategic plans which will assists suppliers grow in long term. Customers: The Urban Kitchen will focus on families and individuals for various reasons. It has been observed that dining restaurants are visited by couples, families or single working men and women with friends. One of the possible reasons can be that most New Zealand families have both parents and partners working so there is less family time and also less time for elaborate cooking time. So, going out for dinner or lunch in dining restaurant saves the meal preparation time and people can spend that quality time with family or friends. Also, there is a trend of increasing business lunch or team lunches are held in dining restaurants because often business professional likes to held important meetings and discussion during lunch hours to save time and also working groups often held success party in dining restaurants to celebrate achievement or success. A business organization should conduct proper market segmentation to recognize the potential customers and effectively meeting their demands ( Andreasen, et al. 2003). So, according to the market analysis the following market segmentation has been done: Family, Business executives and young single Bachelors. Business Background: Mr. Goldie Orman has a strong background in restaurant and hospitality management, with 8 years experience and Mr. Jeff Richman was a business alumnus of Auckland University and has a five years experience in sales and marketing in various business organizations. Mr. Orman has previously been associated with a successful restaurant family business in Christchurch city in New Zealand. The restaurant was founded by his grandfather and named as The Ormans Fine Dine. Now it is managed by his father and he has worked for seven years in various positions within the business so he has an extensive knowledge in running a restaurant. Before that after his completion of graduation in hospitality management from William Blue College of Hospitality Management in Australia, he returned New Zealand and worked with Hotel DeBrett as kitchen staff. Where as Mr. Jeff Richman after completion of his masters in business from Auckland University joined various marketing farms and have also worked in hosp itality sector for more than three years. With the extensive knowledge of restaurant business of Mr. Goldie Orman and marketing skills of Mr Jeff Richman, the two formed the partnership to start a restaurant business which will be unique in its class irrespective of its food products and service quality. Business Purpose: Success Factors: One of the most significant factors for the sustainability of any restaurant business is its clarity and uniqueness and The Urban Kitchen has both of it. It has a very unique product offering; it is offering foods that are prepared from organic food materials, so it will be less harmful for health rather it will fulfil the dietary requirements in an individuals meal. Secondly, it is located in the most prominent heart of the city area with buzzing population with business as well as residential population. Despite busy traffic area the restaurant is offering a parking space for the customers to continue a hassle free dinner with loved ones or for business purposes. Two fulfil he requirements of the single bachelors the management have even planned to setup a unique prompt and speedy delivery system. The restaurant I also offering a world class customer service to its customers and increasing the value of the service. Thus, it can be concluded that The Urban Kitchen w ill be one of the most prominent and successful dining restaurant in downtown area of Auckland city with distinctive food and customer service experience. External And Internal Environment Analysis: The characteristics of industry are identified and any important trends outlined: The restaurant and food industry in New Zealand is one of the fiercest competitions that can be experienced in Asia Pacific realm other than Australian market both in context to international chains and local players (Kiwis eating the easy option,. 2016). Even if New Zealands restaurant industry is regarded as one of the most matured market still it has got lot of potentials and demand because of the new immigrant populations especially in the urban areas. According to the fourth Annual Hospitality Report, this was publicized by The Restaurant Association of New Zealand, the total sales in 2014; restaurant industry was $7.6 billion which was 6% more than previous year and Auckland witness an annual growth rate of 6.3% (Restaurantnz.co.nz, 2016). Thus, opening a restaurant that serves healthy and organic food to the citizens of Auckland has a great potential to sustain and grow. Competitors And Formulating Competitive Strategy: This segment recognizes the competitors and portrays their business strengths and weaknesses and also analysis of the opportunities and threats in the present situation. There are number organic cafes and bakery in Auckland city like Jam Organic Caf, Little Bird Organics the Unbakery etc and pizza shop like The Italian Job, but The Urban Kitchen dine out restaurant will be one of its kinds. There is hardly any dine out restaurant which serves organic food. So, in this market segment the competition will be indirect because there are hardly any organic dine out restaurant in Auckland. So, the competitors are those business organizations which meet similar kind of needs, i.e the need for alternative healthy food and diets. So, the main competitors will be sandwich, juice and salad selling food outlets and organic packaged foods (frozen foods). Porters Five Point Analysis: The Porter's Five Forces framework is an uncomplicated but dominant means for analyse and recognize where power lies in a business circumstances (Kotler, 2008). The Porters Five Point analysis is crucial, since it facilitate to comprehend equally the strength of existing competitive situation, and the strength of a position the business wants to achieve. Supplier Power: Less number suppliers Higher Suppliers Power Buyers power: Unique in the product style Less availability of substitutes Threat of new entry: Higher capital cost Higher cost for employee training Higher cost for training of farmers for organic farming Threats of Substitution: Less availability of substitute in the market Competitive Rivalry: Less number of organic dining out restaurants Swot Analysis: A SWOT analysis gives an overview of the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the current market situation. Without a proper situation analysis a business cannot have a proper idea about the possible changes or competitors advancements and thus can lose the competitive advantage (Hollensen, 2015). Strengths: The management of The Urban Restaurant has a strong experience in restaurant business and marketing. Strong supply chain network where the restaurant has strong control over the quality of the food products. The Urban Kitchen is one and unique in its style, as there are hardly any competitors in the market in dine out organic restaurant. Weakness: Generous supplier centric and employee centric attitude will increase the financial risks. Slightly higher in pricing in comparison to fast food due to organic farm grown raw materials use. The Urban Kitchen is new and not a well recognized brand in the market. Opportunity: Increase in awareness of ill effects of fast foods and acceptance of organic food as main dietary food source. Lack of competitors in the dining out organic restaurant industry will give a chance to The Urban Kitchen to grab maximum market potential. The restaurant will be situated in the heart of the downtown of Auckland and it is a high traffic area, so possibility to attract lots of customers. Threats: Due to farm grown organic food materials use and highly expensive skill development programs for the employees, the operation cost of the product is comparatively higher than popular fast food products. There is a higher risk of business loss or slow down if similar type of business opens up in the area. Pestel Analysis: Political: New Zealand government has taken serious steps to promote health hazards from fast foods. So, keeping high standards of the food product will be the first priority in this case. Otherwise New Zealand has a very supportive government law for new start-ups. It is also to maintain employee welfare and payment of minimum wage according to government rules. Economic: New Zealand is a developing nation and its food industry is highly potential despite its small population because of the large number of immigrants coming each year. The average income of citizens is also stable. Social: The fast food industry is one of the prominent sectors in the food industry in New Zealand. But there is a growing trend of awareness among the people regarding the ill effects of fast food and health awareness. People are now looking for food that is good for health so selling organic food is the new food sector in the food industry. Technological: In todays competitive market technology plays an important part in achieving competitive advantage. So, the management of should adopt technological innovation throughout its business operations to present a customer friendly and world class dining experience to the customers. Environmental: As The Urban Kitchen is an organic base dining restaurant, so it is taking initiative for environmental protections. Also, the management should also reduce activities that can effect in causing pollution. Legal: In New Zealand, every business in food industry should get license from Health and Safety Licence of New Zealand which comes with some terms and conditions which The Urban Kitchen should maintain. Stakeholders Analysis: In simple terms stakeholders mean individuals who are directly or indirectly affected by organizations success or failure. The Urban Kitchen has the following stakeholders- Directors, Employee/Staffs, Customers, Suppliers, Local Government, and Pressure Groups. Directors are the investors who will be directly affected by The Urban Kitchens success or loss as they are libalible for any debt and loans. Employees are the human capitals that are utilized to bring effectiveness in the business and they will also be directly affected by business policies and decisions. Suppliers are the key factor for suitability of The Urban Kitchen as maintaining quality of the organic food is solely upon them so they also plays an important part in the business. Government: The government rules and regulations assists in the best practice in the market, so they are indirectly related with The Urban Kitchens business decisions or actions. Pressure Groups: This groups action can effect directly as well as indirectly in organizations decision making or activities. Customer Group And Value Positioning: Families: This is the main target group of The Urban Restaurants because they are frequent visitors of dining restaurants. This target segment has two adults and two or more children in the family and sometimes accompanied by other family members like grandparents or relatives. They have a stable income and most of the time both parents are working and it is likely that they go out at least once in a week to have dinner at restaurants. The family dining out is mostly for replacement of cooking at home since both the adults have least time to devote in preparation of meals at home. This group is often health conscious but consumes fast food because storage of time to cook meals and easy availability of fast food. But they are always looks for alternative healthy diet for fast food. So, the management of The Urban Kitchen should focus promoting the use of organic food in the food ingredients and benefits of organic food for ones health. The restaurant should start a kids meal plan which will focus on the dietary requirements in a kids daily meal. The service of the restaurant should be family friendly; the customers are given enough time to enjoy their meal and time with family. The staffs should be helpful and friendly with this segment to make them comfortable with the environment. Marketing Objective And Kpi: Specific: Create awareness about the brand in the local population by 50% in one year Measurable: The result will be shown on the annual sales growth rate Assignable: Aggressive promotional campaigns through various communication mediums, like, internet promotion, food festivals, etc. Realistic: The promotional process is an ongoing process which should be modified according to situational needs. Time Related: The promotional campaign should start at least two months before the grand opening of the restaurant. The above objective plan can be measured by measuring the number of customer increase and tracking there frequency and spending. This will tell about the performance of the above selected objective. Marketing Mix: Product: The main product of The Urban Kitchen is the organic food items. It is a healthy food product ranging from herbs, spices, vegetables, fruits etc. The combination of tasty organic food, ambience and world class service will make The Urban Kitchen unique among its competitors. Price: As the basic product is organic food, so its operational cost is high. So, to maintain the profit margin, the management has decided to utilize the cost plus pricing strategy which is a cost based structure for setting the price according to cost of goods and services. Place: The Urban Kitchen has been planned to be located at the heart of the downtown area of the Auckland city. It is one of the prominent residential, financial and business areas of the city. So, there will be a lot of customers to attract. The proposed restaurant will be approximately 3500 square feet. That will include the kitchen areas, dining area and will include refrigerator space to store for storage of food products. The restaurant will also have own parking space exclusively for the customers. The working hours will be from Monday to Saturday from 9 am to 9 am and Sunday the restaurant will open at 5 pm to 11 pm. Promotion: For a newly opened restaurant the most successful promotional campaign will be through banner advertisements, posters, newspaper prints and advertisement through local radio station. By this method the organization will be able to reach maximum number of target audience with limited budget. Also, in this new age of technology, the management should also think about promoting through internet and social media, in this way they are going to directly target and communicate with potential customers. Annual Promotion Budget: Marketing Expense Budget Department Manager Date: 1/11/2016 1/12/2016 1/1/2017 1/2/2017 1/3/2017 Marketing John K Advertising through banner $10,813 $11,895 $13,084 $14,393 $15,832 Marketing John K Radio $800 $896 $994 $094 $196 Marketing John K Internet $4,000 $4,500 $5,000 $5,500 $6,000 Marketing John K newspaper $3,000 $3,060 $3,121 $3,184 $3,247 Marketing John K ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Total Marketing and promotional Expense $18,613 $20,351 $22,199 $23,170 $25,275 Mode Of Communication: Face to Face communication: The staffs will be the basic mode of communication of The Urban Kitchen as they will be interacting with the clients face to face on daily basis. The management has decided to conduct through training programs which will educate the staffs about service approach; customer awareness and customer complain handling. All grievances will be gently and sympathetically accepted by the team and straight away referred to management. There will be weekly meetings to planning and revising policies for customer handling and to maintain an effective communication process between the ground staffs and the management to identify any conflict of interest in the system. The suppliers will be handled Directly by Mr. Orman as he has a prior experience in customer handling. There will be a monthly meeting with the key suppliers as the business is based on organic food products so it is necessary to be with the key suppliers in good terms. Recruitment Method: The Urban Kitchen is a new start up business so in the initial stage the management has decided to recruit through external sources, to be specific through job portal posting. The recruitment process will be conducted by two screening process of interviews by human resource manager and later by the managing directors. The business will recruit people with background and experience in hospitality industry. Risk Management Plan: New Restaurant setup often formulates the following two common mistakes: underprepared or unprepared for start-up. It is always messy in the beginning and poor service and food quality often create bad impression among customers which force them to never come back again. Most of the restaurant start-up invests all their energy and financial strength in the grand opening but give less importance or attention to minor details like customer service. This can lead to decreasing word of mouth promotion which can lead to revenue and business loss. For The Urban Kitchen, there should be proper risk management plan so that it can possibly be back-up with organic food supplies, equipments and staffs. For the initial stage the operations plan will be accordingly strategized and reserved to minimum. The first impression and customer service is very important for building brand image and long time relationship with customers and The Urban Kitchen will not surrender this in order to convince the bottom line. According to anticipations, the marketing and promotional campaigns will be higher in the first five months and all campaigns will be closely monitored and analysed to decide their effectiveness. The management has also decided to keep a long term relationship with supplier and apply fixed price rate so that it does not affect suppliers in economic turmoil. Develop The Implementation Plan: Objective: Grand opening of The Urban Kitchen restaurant in 1st January 2017 is the initial objective of the business. Then the next objective is acquiring 22% of the market share of organic food products in first year. Task: Aggressive promotional campaign: Mr. Goldie Orman Staff Recruitment process: Human Resource Manager Set up of Restaurant area: Administrative officer under supervision of Mr. Richman Restaurant License: Mr. Goldie Orman Time Allotted: The opening of The Urban Kitchen Restaurant will be on 1st January 2017 so the promotional campaign should start immediately from 1st November 2016. The staffs should be recruited within 20th November and will be given basic 1 month training. The restaurant area construction should be immediately started. Mr. Goldie Orman will get the restaurant licence within next fifteen days. Progress: The management will setup a meeting every fortnight and will analyse and evaluate the progress of the tasks and will modify if changes are needed according to situational need. Reference: Andreasen, A. R., Kotler, P., Parker, D. (2003).Strategic marketing for organizations(pp. 44-53). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kiwis eating the easy option,. (2016). Kiwis eating the easy option. Stuff. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7934507/Kiwis-eating-the-easy-option Kotler, P. (2008).Principles of marketing. Pearson Education India. Restaurantnz.co.nz,. (2016). Cafe and Restaurant Sales Surge in 2014 : Restaurant Association of New Zealand. Restaurantnz.co.nz. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.restaurantnz.co.nz/Story?Action=ViewStory_id=1735

Analyse the differences between the text and the Hitchcock movie of ‘Rebecca’ Essays

Analyse the differences between the text and the Hitchcock movie of ‘Rebecca’ Essays Analyse the differences between the text and the Hitchcock movie of ‘Rebecca’ Essay Analyse the differences between the text and the Hitchcock movie of ‘Rebecca’ Essay directed by Alfred Hitchcock, is an version of a book by the same rubric published in 1938 by writer Daphne Demurer. To analyze the differences between these two pieces of work it is possibly necessary to first point out the obvious ; movie versions of novels are neer wholly true to the original book. It is frequently a unfavorable judgment that when novels are turned into screenplays that the writer of the showing drama has left balls of the book out. This normally because their merely is non clip to cover every individual item on screen – could you have sat through more than three hours of Peter Jackson’s heroic poemLord of The Ringss: The Fellowship of the Ring, based on J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel, for case? ( I don’t believe any cinemagoer’s vesica could hold coped with more! ) Or there are elements of the original narrative that would deflect the spectator from the Southern Cross of the sec ret plan for excessively long, therefore Fran Walsh cut out the character Tom Bombadil out ofThe Fellowship’sbook, much to the discouragement of some Tolkien purists. However, sometimes a scriptwriter will asseverate his/her liberty to the point where the novel that has been turned into a movie does non even have the same stoping as its original beginning. In Louis De Bernieres much loved bookCaptain Corelli s Mandolinthe chief characters, and two lovers Captain Corelli and Pelagia, portion for several old ages and Pelagia believes Corelli is dead until he’s in his senior old ages and straight attacks Pelagia once more and their love rekindles. However, in the film ( 2001 ) one of the many contrasts to the original text is that Pelagia and Corelli live merrily of all time after together in their younger old ages. With respects Hitchcock’s Rebecca and DuMaurier’s Rebecca the plot line remains mostly unchanged, yet the deductions of its sexual contexts have been treated otherwise. Throughout history adult females have been subjected to the patriarchal order ; the theoretical account female being chaste and submissive and basically what Simone De Bouviour calls man’s â€Å"other† : â€Å" [ Woman ] is defined and differentiated with mention to adult male and non he with mention to her ; she is incidental, the unessential as opposed to the indispensable. He is the Subject, he is the Absolute –she is the Other† [ 1 ] Whereas a sexually confident adult female and self-asserting adult female is depicted as â€Å"impure† , â€Å"bad† and on occasions â€Å"mad . Before World War II, adult females were peculiarly vulnerable to the former classification. But during the war, adult females participated in the work force as neer before and therefore asseverating greater independency and liberty. DuMaurier s novelRebekah, examines female gender, and its reverberations, in a society, which condemns its being. Although both the no vel and movie reveals society’s wish to maintain the gender of adult females under control some of DuMaurier s message lost in the interlingual rendition of novel to movie. However, the movie was produced and directed by work forces so it was inevitable that their sex would impact the manner they choose to construe DuMaurier’s work on screen. As Helene Cixous says in her essay, ‘The Laugh of the Medusa’ , it is impossible to bring forth a work of art that does non implicate your sex: â€Å"I write adult female: adult female must compose adult female. And adult male, man.† [ 2 ] In both the novel and movie, Rebecca is dead ( she purportedly drowned the old twelvemonth ) and is depicted as a menace due to her open gender. Mrs. Danvers, Rebecca s devoted housekeeper, says, I ve seen them here, remaining in the house, work forces she d run into in London They made love to her of class ( p.245 ) . Regardless of Rebecca s unfaithfulnesss, her repute remains integral ; she is regarded as pleasant, beautiful and confident. Yet the dual life she leads of married woman and kept woman is comparable to the dichotomy of being in which merely work forces are allowed to indulge and therefore threatens the construction of patriarchate. As Rebecca’s housekeeper Mrs Danvers competently states [ Rebecca ] ought to hold been a male child ( p.243 ) . Rebecca s gender even threatens to destruct patriarchal dynasty. As Simone de Beauvoir writes in her essayThe Second Sexual activity: â€Å"Marital unfaithfulness where patriarchal traditions survive, still seems much more flagitious for the married woman than for the hubby Woman s criminal conversation hazards conveying the boy of a alien into the household, and therefore victimizing legitimate heirs.† [ 3 ] Indeed the chance of an bastard inheritor is the Southern Cross of Rebecca s decease in both fresh and movie. In the novel Max, Rebecca s hubby kills her when she boasts that she is pregnant by another adult male, nevertheless the medical examiner regulations decease by self-destruction. In the movie, Rebecca s decease is attributed to an inadvertent autumn after Max has physically struck her after she reveals her unfaithfulness to him. The ground for this of import difference is that the censors demanded that Max could non kill his married woman without paying the punishment for his offense. Suicide was besides frowned upon. However, Rebecca’s decease suggests that both fresh and movie are in understanding that patriarchal society positions Rebecca actions as immoral and that her decease is the lone manner to maintain the construction of patriarchate in tact. Although, in novel and movie, Rebecca is extremely regarded within society, Demurer understood she needed to warrant Max s offense to do it plausible, so she takes stairss to dehumanize Rebecca. Aside from Max’s derogatory words about Rebecca, other characters assist in making a negative position of Rebecca’s character. The small town simpleton, Ben, calls her a serpent ( p.154 ) ; the scriptural intensions of this image suggest irreparable female wickedness. Cursing linguistic communication such as this pave the manner for Max’s confession and provides justification for Max s wish to kill her in the movie, and his really making so in the novel. Prior to Rebecca s decease, both fresh and movie reveal that a physician had diagnosed her with terminal malignant neoplastic disease and that her gestation is in fact a deformity of her womb that would hold prevented her from holding kids. From the position of the patriarchal society, Rebecca s malignant neoplastic disease, her sterility, and her decease are all attributable to her sexually aberrant behavior. The message to adult females is that female gender must be confined to their hubbies and that any divergence will be punished because it undermines the high quality of work forces. Lesbianism in the novel besides seeks to agitate the foundations of patriarchate. The relationship between the spinster/housekeeper Mrs Danvers and Rebecca has homoerotic overtones. Mrs. Danvers tends to talk of Rebecca in sexual footings, particularly in the novel. An illustration of this is when she recalls an incident affecting Rebecca at 16: I remember her acquiring up on one of her male parent s Equus caballuss, a large beast of an animate being excessively, that the groom said was excessively hot for her to sit. She stuck to him all right. I can see her now, with her hair winging out behind her, cut downing at him, pulling blood, delving the goad into his side, and when she got off his dorsum he was trembling all over, full of foam and blood. The movie, nevertheless, tends to decrease or soften sapphic overtones, because the movie industry prohibited sexual perversion or any illation to it ; images picturing Mrs Danvers stroking Rebecca s nightgown, every bit good as mentions to Rebecca s bare organic structure were cut out of the movie. Alternatively the movie chooses to paint Danvers as being obsessed with her dead kept woman. This was besides arguably because Hitchcock et al did non desire their patriarchal authorization over Du Maurier s text of screen to be diluted by the presence of masculine adult females Both fresh and movie strip Mrs. Danvers of humanity in the same manner Rebecca is. She is described in the text as person tall and gaunt, dressed in deep black, whose outstanding cheek-bones and great, hollow eyes gave her a skull s face, parchment-white, set on a skeleton s frame ( p. 66 ) . Furthermore, Mrs Danvers is besides punished by decease for traveling outside the confines of patriarchate. Yet although novel and movie are in understanding refering society s disapprobation of Mrs. Danvers, nevertheless, they do non needfully hold upon her penalty. In the movie, Mrs. Danvers defies the patriarchal constitution a concluding clip by firing down Manderley, yet is burned to decease as a consequence. In the novel, the there is no grounds to propose that the fire has killed Mrs Danvers ; all we know is that she can non be found. In decision both fresh and movie explore the deductions inherent for adult females who do non follow the philosophies of patriarchate every bit good as the differences between plants of art produced by work forces and adult females. DuMauries emphasises the unfairness of a adult male perpetrating slaying, by hiting his married woman in the bosom, and emerging unpunished, unmarred. The dispensableness and devaluation of adult females is illustrated by the fact that Max remains free, and remarries merely ten months after perpetrating the slaying. Even when he confesses to the slaying he manages to horrifyingly convert his nameless married woman that Rebecca deserved to be killed due to his inability to command her gender. Whereas Hitchcock preserves the repute and authorization of Max by altering Rebecca s slaying to a decease by inadvertent autumn, of which Max is guiltless. This major change serves to thin DuMaurier s progressive ideas sing female gender and her disapprobation of wor k forces and patriarchate. Thus it appears that Hitchcock smearing his ain artistic authorization all over DuMaurier’s work mirrors the male laterality over women’s gender within the society of the novel. Du Maurier, Daphne,Rebekah, ( Virago Press 2003 ) Walder, Dennis,Literature in the Modern World, ( Oxford University Press, 1990 ) Wood, Robin,Hitchcock’s Films, ( Zwemmer 1965 ) Hitchcock, Alfred ( dir ) ,Rebekah( 1940 ) , ( DVD )

The Dichotomy of Beauty in The Good Earth essays

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Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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African Insurgency Groups: Causes and Responses

African Insurgency Groups: Causes and Responses Daniel Silberstein In response to a spate of violent attacks from the Kenyan capital to the coast President Uhuru Kenyatta has decreed that they â€Å"will not flinch in war against terrorists†, specifically against the Al-Shabaab militant group headquartered in Somalia. His publicly declared position of a robust, aggressive, and continued response against what he refers to as an, â€Å"extremist caliphate† intent on asserting dominance in the region, is certain to be met with both solidarity and criticism amongst Kenyans, Africans, and the global community. Nigeria, home to Africa’s largest economy (according to an April BBC report) also finds itself on the brink of a larger conflict. Flanked by militant insurgency, attributed mostly to the Boko Haram, in the north and the new capital of piracy on its southern shores. The reverberations of these conflicts are uncertain. But, in order to foresee, and perhaps assuage, the consequences of this campaign, and to limit the devastation w e are likely to witness, it is paramount that international interventions adapt and correlations be drawn between this rising contention and contemporary conflicts that define modern warfare. Firstly, this should not be perceived as merely a symptom of the popularized narrative of another African affliction. This is to say that, historically, aggressions were relatively limited in regional scope. This does not downplay the reprehensible past conflicts in Africa: the horrors of genocide – such as Rwanda, Darfur, etc. and entrenched prolonged warfare – such as Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo, etc. This is simply, and necessarily, to illustrate that the ramifications of warfare in Africa is quickly becoming a global hazard. The overwhelming contribution to this crises so far? Money, and quite literally tons of it. A 2009 WSJ article by Dambisa Moyo estimated over $1 trillion in fact. So, while the hopes of assisting in curtailing violence and degradation in the region have existed for decades, through foreign aid and, military and political partnerships, it is apparent that the structures in place for facilitation and management have failed to meet expectations. The current system of aid in Africa has become almost farcical. Broad strokes of assistance have missed the mark at best and have been actively harmful at worst. Much of the governmental fixtures that have grown from the influx of poorly distributed aid have actually stifled the genuine progress of their respective constituencies. Political institutions have propagated mostly as middle-men, profiteering from the flow of aid. In 2013, Transparency International placed all but five Sub-Saharan nations on the bottom half of its corruption rankings list. A new course of action is imperative to foster safety and augment economic growth. A discourse about the patronage of wealthy nations in intelligent intervention and investment is becoming more and more vital. That being said, undeterred by turmoil Africa is on the verge of a new day. Racked between geo-political vestiges of imperialism and vulnerable as potential prey to an aloof globalized economy, the region has desperately been seeking for a foothold of stability since the end of WW2. Despite a gridlock of corruption, sectarian violence, and humanitarian disasters, this century is poised to see African nations propelled into an elevated global status, both politically and economically. Countries like Botswana, Angola, and many others are experiencing an enormous growth in their middle-class sectors, which according to â€Å"The Economist† is projected to equal India’s middle-class sometime in 2015. While not the equivalent of the Western standard for middle-class this, consumer base will exponentially increase the marketability and influence of Africa’s economic bids. The consequences of increased economic pertinence is apparent throughout. A budding group of billi onaires speckle the continent, twenty-nine in fact according to Forbes in March. This is up from twenty only one year earlier. Granted, many are South African or hail from Northern Africa, countries not normally framed with Sub-Saharan Africa, but the proximity itself imparts salience. While functional and profitable large businesses develop, along with a stable middle-class, many African nations’ governments are beginning to politically mature. Even pockets of success from more circumspect aid programs exist, especially with micro-grants and loans to ground-level African entrepreneurs, demining initiatives, and the proliferation of educational opportunities. Considering Africa’s historical failures, and a perhaps tenuous grip upon a wave of rapid development, what are the right answers to best facilitate peace and stability? The necessity of foreign aid and intervention still exists. Reevaluating the distribution and access of aid, and developing prudent intervention strategies to comply with measurable outcomes is the only hope for these nations to surmount the magnitude of adversity that haunts the continent. Invariably, it seems to me, certain criteria must be met before a nation can hope to flourish: security and stability, transparency and accountability, and the development of business and infrastructure. While these guidelines are by no means exclusive of one another, nor strictly chronological in implementation. However, some semblance of this order is necessary, especially considering the familiar detachment of government policies to the populations they manage. The regression of the security situation, particularly Nigeria and Kenya the rising stars of self-reliance, threatens to derail these upwardly mobile countries by the very real potential of a conflict whose scope can easily exceed any in African history. The most significant distinction of this rising conflict are the links to a well-funded and ambitious international terrorist culture. Though intelligence is inherently faulty when evaluating extremist groups, links between African insurgency groups and organizations like A l Qaeda and (if not already, certainly soon) ISIS are all but assured. In light of emerging conflicts with borderless extremist organizations, and new found wealth, African defense budgets have soared 65% since 2004, according to The Economist, greater than any other region in that time frame. Almost without fail, since the onset of the Cold War era, ballooning defense budgets are often indicative of impending crises, not only in terms of violence but in the cessation of civil liberties and international instability. To ameliorate this the sale of materiel must follow a strict and discriminatory guideline. This is why the international community must be cohesive and cognizant, even apprehensive, as Kenya and Nigeria embark on their very own â€Å"War on Terror†. Unfortunately, the profit margin for manufacturing in the lucrative arms market is quickly establishing a place in Africa. The same Economist article divulged that â€Å"four major European arms manufacturers have set up African subsidiaries this year†. These will no doubt become e conomic boons but they carry with them the latency of war. One of McNamara’s lessons becomes relevant, â€Å"Proportionality should be a guideline in war†, indeed both in the manner in which it is waged and in the prevention of needless aggression. Problems arise with inflated military spending, the accessibility of war and the justification of expenditures compels nations to treat every problem like a nail with the hammers of automatic rifles. This is the often overlooked criticism of drone warfare. They are often more precise, accurate, and less apt to error than manned machines. A drone pilot in Nevada, overseen by hordes of high-ranking officials and lawyers, is less vulnerable to primal survival instincts and rash decisions. However, accessibility draws us into conflict. When the fear of casualty counts are not smeared on news broadcasts, a sense of invulnerability obfuscates wisdom. In the face of a ravenous enemy it is understandable, though undesirable, that one seeks safety behind the acquisition of arms and muzzle fla shes. Some strides have been made in anticipation of incautious military action. The U.N.’s Forward Intervention Brigade and African Union Peacekeepers have had success in presenting a unified front; the term coalition should be avoided these days to avoid negative connotations. These organizations also lend some transparency to unilateral operations and a more honest assessment of the aftermath of military operations. Obviously these methods of waging war are by no means faultless, it is a step in the right direction. Mutual policing will be fundamental in preventing atrocity. Andrew Muzonzini, the lead for Zimbabwe’s external intelligence agency offers a precocious insight in a Business Insider Article that is in line with the appropriate approach, â€Å"Ahead of time, we should seek to understand (the Islamic State) modus operandi if we are to anticipate and predict challenges ahead†. This conclusion, hopefully shared amongst the milieu of African politics, will (hopefully) be indicative of a circumspect and deliberate course of action to repel extremist behavior. A strong internal defense approach combined with precisely defined and rigidly tailored tactical excursions, targeting only locally substantiated objectives, should be the tenets of this nascent conflict. The global community needs to facilitate such equitable actions. More valuable than financial support, more accurate than high-tech weaponry, we must impart the lessons of an ineffective and prolonged conflict. The manner in which we defend ourselves should not be so broad as to alienate us from the world at large. Africa’s Muslim population’s safety must be assured. Sovereign nations must not be disaffected. And perhaps in the end Africa may edify the global community on how to maintain morality when confronting monsters. What is Online Examination System? What is Online Examination System? Online examinations, sometimes referred as e-examinations, are the examinations conducted through the internet or in an intranet (if within the Organization) for a remote candidate(s). Most of the examinations issue results as the candidate finish the examination, when there is an answer processing module also included with the system. They can be used to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. These examinations are conducted as open-book type examinations. Candidate is given a limited time to answer the questions and after the time expiry the answer paper is disabled automatically and answers is sent to the examiner. The examiner will evaluate answers, either through automated process or manually and the results will be sent to the candidate through email or made available in the web site. Today many organizations are conducting online examinations worldwide successfully and issue results online. There are advantages and disadvantages in online examinations. The main advantage is that it can be conducted for remote candidates and evaluation of answers can be fully automated for Multiple Choice questions and other essay type questions can be evaluated manually or through automated system, depending on the nature of the questions and the requirements. Also online examinations can be conducted at any time and does not incur higher cost as traditional exam scenario as there is no paper work involved(eg: printing exam papers, prepare paper admissions etc) , there is no invigilators, also no need of arrangement of exam centers. When comparing with traditional exam scenario the cost for an online examination will be almost zero after the online exam system is establishment and if maintenance cost is not considered. The disadvantage of the e-examination is the inability of invigilating. There are methodologies used in these examinations, when registering candidates and presentation of questions, so that to test candidates knowledge and skills. However with a limited time, candidate is not capable of totally depend on the reference materials or a supporting person. AIM OF THE PROJECT The aim of this project is to develop an online examination system by applying software engineering principles and best practices. The system will be built using popular Java/J2EE web technologies and framework available for web development. The system will be designed to be scalable, secure and robust. The online examination system will help in speeding up the process of conducting examination. Teachers will be able to create examinations by composing a set of questions. The questions can be multiple choice questions or single (text) answer question. The system will have the ability to automatically process the results of examination based on the question database. The system will have intelligent capabilities to mark the text based answers not only when there is an exact match, but it will also recognize similar answers by finding the synonyms of the words used in the answer. The system will also provide manual override feature where in the teacher can manually mark or update the result for an exam. The system will also have the capability to resume the examination from last save point, i.e., a student can stop the examination in the middle and can start again at any other time. When the student will start the same examination again, the exam will start from the same point where i t was stopped. The system will present a easy to use interface for Teachers, Students and Administrators. Once logged in, students will be able to see the examinations due and can take the examination. CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF EXAMINATION SYSTEM Paper -Based Examination: Paper -based examination are carrried out on fixed days and according to a fixed schedule. Therefore, the absentees rarely have another chance to take up the exam again. Moreover, they involve a lot of paper work (e.g. printing of exam papers, arranging answer sheets, etc ). The evaluation of these exam is also very tedious job,after the students complete their exams, theteacher has to mark each paper manually and then consolidate the result. This process is very cumbersome and takes a lot of time and hard work. Web- Based Examination: With the emergence of online examinations, the World Wide Web opens up the possibility of giving the exams online. The online examination system helps in speeding up the process of conducting examination. Teachers will be able to create examinations by composing a set of questions. The system will have intelligent capabilities to mark the text based answers not only when there is an exact match, but it will also recognize similar answers by finding the synonyms of the words used in the answer. The system will also provide manual override feature where in the teacher can manually mark or update the result for an exam. The system will also have the capability to resume the examination from last save point, i.e., a student can stop the examination in the middle and can start again at any other time. When the student will start the same examination again, the exam will start from the same point where it was stopped. The system will present a easy to use interface for Teachers, Students and Administrators. Once logged in, students will be able to see the examinations due and can take the examination. TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH Web applications are either service oriented or presentation oriented. A presentation oriented web application involves generally mark up languages (e.g. XML and HTML) with dynamic contents responding to requests. On the other hand, a service oriented web applications implements the endpoint of the web service. Below is an analysis on Postgres, Hibernate, Spring and Wicket used to implement my project. POSTGRES PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) based on POSTGRES,Version 4.2 (http://s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/postgres/postgres.html), developed at the University of California at Berkeley Computer Science Department. The POSTGRES project, led by Professor Michael Stonebraker, was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA),the Army Research Office (ARO), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and ESL, Inc. PostgreSQL is an open-source descendant of this original Berkeley code. It provides SQL92/SQL99language support and other modern features. POSTGRES pioneered many of the object-relational concepts now becoming available in some commercial databases. Traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) support a data model consisting of a collection of named relations, containing attributes of a specific type. In current commercial systems, possible types include floating point numbers, integers, character strings, money,and dates. It is commonly recognized that this model is inadequate for future data processing applications. The relational model successfully replaced previous models in part because of its simplicity. However, as mentioned, this simplicity often makes the implementation of certainapplications very difficult. Postgres offers substantial additional power by incorporating the following additional concepts in such a way that users can easily extend the system: inheritance data types functions Other features provide additional power and flexibility: constraints triggers rules transaction integrity These features put Postgres into the category of databases referred to as object-relational. SPRING Spring Features Spring is a layered Java/J2EE application platform, based on code published in  Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development  by Rod Johnson (Wrox, 2002). Spring includes: The most complete lightweight container, providing centralized, automated configuration and wiring of your application objects. The container is  non-invasive, capable of assembling a complex system from a set of loosely-coupled components (POJOs) in a consistent and transparent fashion. The container brings agility and leverage, and improves application testability and scalability by allowing software components to be first developed and tested in isolation, then scaled up for deployment in any environment (J2SE or J2EE).    A common abstraction layer for transaction management, allowing for pluggable transaction managers, and making it easy to demarcate transactions without dealing with low-level issues. Generic strategies for JTA and a single JDBC DataSource are included. In contrast to plain JTA or EJB CMT, Springs transaction support is not tied to J2EE environments.    A JDBC abstraction layer  that offers a meaningful exception hierarchy (no more pulling vendor codes out of SQLException), simplifies error handling, and greatly reduces the amount of code youll need to write. Youll never need to write another finally block to use JDBC again. The JDBC-oriented exceptions comply to Springs generic DAO exception hierarchy.    Integration with Toplink, Hibernate, JDO, and iBATIS SQL Maps: in terms of resource holders, DAO implementation support, and transaction strategies. First-class Hibernate support with lots of IoC convenience features, addressing many typical Hibernate integration issues. All of these comply to Springs generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies.    AOP functionality, fully integrated into Spring configuration management. You can AOP-enable any object managed by Spring, adding aspects such as declarative transaction management. With Spring, you can have declarative transaction management without EJB even without JTA, if youre using a single database in Tomcat or another web container without JTA support.    A flexible MVC web application framework, built on core Spring functionality. This framework is highly configurable via strategy interfaces, and accommodates multiple view technologies like JSP, Velocity, Tiles, iText, and POI. Note that a Spring middle tier can easily be combined with a web tier based on any other web MVC framework, like Struts, WebWork, or Tapestry. HIBERNATE Hibernate is popular open source object relational mapping tool for Java platform. It provides powerful, ultra-high performance object/relational persistence and query service for Java. Hibernate lets you develop persistent classes following common Java idiom including association, inheritance, polymorphism, composition and the Java collections framework. The Hibernate Query Language, designed as a minimal object-oriented extension to SQL, provides an elegant bridge between the object and relational worlds. Hibernate also allows you to express queries using native SQL or Java-based Criteria and Example queries. Hibernate is now the most popular object/relational mapping solution for Java. Hibernate maps the Java classes to the database tables. It also provides the data query and retrieval facilities that significantly reduces the development time. Hibernate is not the best solutions for data centric applications that only uses the stored-procedures to implement the business logic in database. It is most useful with object-oriented domain modes and business logic in the Java-based middle-tier. Hibernate allows transparent persistence that enables the applications to switch any database. Hibernate can be used in Java Swing applications, Java Servlet-based applications, or J2EE applications using EJB session beans. Features of Hibernate Hibernate 3.0 provides three full-featured query facilities: Hibernate Query Language, the newly enhanced Hibernate Criteria Query API, and enhanced support for queries expressed in the native SQL dialect of the database. Filters for working with temporal (historical), regional or permissioned data. Enhanced Criteria query API: with full support for projection/aggregation and subselects. Runtime performance monitoring: via JMX or local Java API, including a second-level cache browser. Eclipse support, including a suite of Eclipse plug-ins for working with Hibernate 3.0, including mapping editor, interactive query prototyping, schema reverse engineering tool. Hibernate is Free under LGPL: Hibernate can be used to develop/package and distribute the applications for free. Hibernate is Scalable: Hibernate is very performant and due to its dual-layer architecture can be used in the clustered environments. Less Development Time: Hibernate reduces the development timings as it supports inheritance, polymorphism, composition and the Java Collection framework. Automatic Key Generation: Hibernate supports the automatic generation of primary key for your. JDK 1.5 Enhancements: The new JDK has been released as a preview earlier this year and we expect a slow migration to the new 1.5 platform throughout 2004. While Hibernate3 still runs perfectly with JDK 1.2, Hibernate3 will make use of some new JDK features. JSR 175 annotations, for example, are a perfect fit for Hibernate metadata and we will embrace them aggressively. We will also support Java generics, which basically boils down to allowing type safe collections. EJB3-style persistence operations: EJB3 defines the create() and merge() operations, which are slightly different to Hibernates saveOrUpdate() and saveOrUpdateCopy() operations. Hibernate3 will support all four operations as methods of the Session interface. Hibernate XML binding enables data to be represented as XML and POJOs interchangeably. The EJB3 draft specification support for POJO persistence and annotations. WICKET Features Swing-like OO Component Model : Pages and Components in Wicket are real Java objects that support encapsulation, inheritance and events. Ease of Development : Because Wicket is Java and HTML, you can leverage what you know about Java or your favorite HTML editor to write Wicket applications. Separation of Concerns : Wicket does not mix markup with Java code and adds no special syntax to your markup files. The worlds of HTML and Java are parallel and associated only by Wicket ids, which are attributes in HTML and Component properties in Java. Since Wicket HTML is just HTML and Wicket Java is just Java, coders and designers can work independently to a large degree and without relying on any special tools. Secure : Wicket is secure by default. URLs do not expose sensitive information and all component paths are session-relative. Explicit steps must be taken to share information between sessions. There are plans for the next version of Wicket to add URL encryption to support highly secure web sites. Transparent, Scalable Clustering Support : All Wicket applications will work on a cluster automatically and without additional work. Once bottlenecks are understood, Wicket enables tuning of page state replication. The next version of Wicket will support client-side models for zero-state scalability. Transparent Back Button Support : Wicket supports configurable page version management. When users submit a form or follow a link from a page they accessed with the back button in their browser, Wicket is able to revert the page object to the state it was in when the page was originally rendered. This means you can write web applications that support the back button with very little work. Multi-tab and multi-window support : Wicket provides an easy way to write application that supports multi-window and multi-tab usage allowing developer to react properly when users open new browser window or tab Reusable Components : Reusable components in Wicket are particularly easy to create. Not only can you extend existing components with the Java extends keyword, but you can also create Panel components which associate a group of components as a reusable unit. Simple, Flexible, Localizable Form Validation : It is trivial to write and use validators in Wicket. It is also quite easy to customize and localize the display and content of validation error messages. Typesafe Sessions : Wicket eliminates the need to manage HttpSession attributes by hand. Page and component objects are transparently stored in the session and your application can create a custom session subclass with typesafe properties as well. All objects stored in the session can automatically participate in clustering replication. Factory Customizable : Wicket is very extensible. Most operations are customizable through factories or factory methods. Detachable Models : Model objects in Wicket can be very lightweight in terms of memory and network use in a cluster. When a model is used, it can attach, populating itself with information from persistent storage. When the model is no longer in use, transient information can be reset, reducing the size of the object. Border Components : Wicket Border components enable the decoration of pages in a reusable fashion. This is especially useful for inheritance of common navigational structures or layout. Support for All Basic HTML Features : Wicket supports image tags, links, forms and everything else that youre used to using in your web application development. Programmatic Manipulation of Attributes : Wicket Components can programmatically change any HTML tag attribute. Automatic Conversions : Once a Form validates, the model can be updated using Wicket converters. Most ordinary conversions are built-in and it is easy to write new converters. Dynamic Images : Wicket makes image use, sharing and generation very easy. Dynamic images can be created by simply implementing a paint method. Pageable ListView : ListViews in Wicket are extremely powerful. You can nest any kind of component in a ListView row, even other ListViews. PageableListView supports navigation links for large lists. Tree Component : Out of the box tree component for navigating and selecting nodes. Localization : HTML pages, images and resource strings can all be localized. CHAPTER-3 REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS The requirement analysis stage consists in collecting and analyzing information about the part of the organization that is supported by the application. This information helps us to identify the users requirements for the new system. This will enable us to define the various functionalities of the new system. The identification of the requirements is important as a system with incomplete functionality can lead to a project failure. 3.1 DATA GATHERING USER IDENTIFICATION Users of the system can be categorized as : Student Teacher Admin(Administrator) FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The system aims to be an improvement on the existing one, the paper based system by : Fully automated system. Less time and effort consuming. Database should be well maintained with well structured database tables. The system should be scalable. Allow student and teachers to view the available exams. Allow student and teacher to view marks. Allow admin to manage the user system and exam system NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Security : Each user is required to log into the system. This is done using a valid username and password. Login and password should be kept secret. Reliability : The system would be used by more than 200 students in the Computer Science Department, which includes academic and administrative staff. The system should ensure minimum downtime and be able to handle multiple requests. Ease of Use : All the user screens should be easy to use and intuitive. Contact details should be provided in order to get in touch with the administrator. Scalability : It is possible to extend the current features for future use of the system. Performance : The system should have a quick response time . DOMAIN REQUIREMENTS Specific functionality provided to the Admin: Manage User System : Admin can create a new user. Activate/deactivate an existing user.Admin can delete and edit a user. Manage Examination : Admin can edit an exam and assign exam to students. Admin can activate/deactivate any exam. Admin can also delete an exam. Specific functionality provided to the Teacher: Manage Examination : Teacher can create a new exam, edit existing exam. Create questions is one of the important functionality. Question can be textual or it can be single/multiple choice. Mark Exam : Teacher can do the marking of the exam either manually or it can be automated. Specific functionality provided to the Student : Answer Exam : Student can answer the exam assigned. View Point : Student can view the point of a question. He can also view his marks in a particular exam. PROJECT PLANNING Task no. Task Name Duration(days) Comments 1 Project Proposal 4 Deadline 30th September 2010 2 Requirements Specifications Ongoing Identify the users needs. 3 Research For technologies required by the system Ongoing Investigate the technologies to be used, the data structure. Identify important features which can be applied to the project implementation. 4 Architectural Design Ongoing Define different layers of the system and apply appropriate technologies to each layer. 5 Database Design 4 Apply Database schema provided by the School IT support team. Add necessary tables and relationships between them to make the application functional. 6 Prototype 3 Design Mock Interfaces of the application. 7 First Inspection 1 Start on 10th October 2010 8 Design Model 7 Class Diagrams Sequence Diagrams 9 Coding Phase 28 It will include connections to the database server. Develop the interfaces. And implement the functionalities of the system. Deadline 10th December 2010 10 Testing 5 Test all the features of the web application. 11 Final Inspection 1 Start on 20th December 2010 12 Dissertation Ongoing Write the dissertation. 13 Dissertation Submission 1 Deadline 7th January 2011 CHAPTER-4 SYSTEM AND DATABASE DESIGN 4.1 DATABASE DESIGN Table Name Description Answer Answer table is used to save all answer of student and right answer of teacher for each question configuration Configuration is used to save configuration information such as: term condition, mark ratio Examination Examination table is used to save exam Examuser ExamUser table is used to save user Question Question table is used to save question Role Role table is used to save role information studentexamination StudentExamination table is used to save the students which are assigned a particular exam. One student can have many examination and one examination can belongs to many students. user_role UserRole table is used for linking many-to-many relationship between user and role. 4.2 SYSTEM FUNCTION DESIGN At the start of the application , a Welcome Page is displayed. On the left side there are three buttons namely Home, Help and Log in. To log into the application , the user has to press the log in button. It displays a login page. The user is prompted to enter a username and a password. Any wrong login using invalid username and password will generate error message requiring the user to try again. During the user authentication check, the system will determine the type of user (admin, student,teacher) and redirect the user to the correct page with appropriate features. ADMINPAGE If the user logged in is admin, then Adminpage shows up. It has the following links Manage Examination : Admin can manage the Examination System. It can view all the examinations created. The Admin can assign students the exams. Manage User : Admin can manage the User System. This is used to manage the user data. Admin can create a new user, edit an existing , delete a user, enable / disable a user. Configuration : This is used to change the configuration of the exam like terms conditions and the marks ratio. ROLE OF ADMIN CREATE USER When the admin opts to create a new user, he inputs the user information like firstname, lastname, e-mail , username, password, course, role in the user management system. There it is checked whether the user exists or not, and the user information entered is valid or not. If it is valid it is saved into the database. Otherwise, an error message is displayed. ACTIVATE/DEACTIVATE A USER Admin can activate/deactivate any user. For this admin chooses a user from the user system, activate/deactivate the user. Then save it into the database. MANAGE EXAMINATION Admin can assign a particular exam to students. Admin can activate or deactivate any exam. TEACHER PAGE If the user logged in is teacher, Teacherpage shows up. It has the following links : Manage Examination : This is used to manage the existing exams in the database. A teacher can edit exam, create questions for a particular exam, view questions of a exam and mark a exam manually. Create Question : This is used to create question. A question can be textual, single choice or multiple choice. A teacher can also edit the existing questions in the database. Create Examination : This is used to create a new exam. Help : This is to help the teacher in creating a question. ROLE OF TEACHER CREATE EXAM When the teacher opts to create an exam, he inputs the exam name, duration of the exam, description of the exam, mark type into the exam system. There it is checked whether exam name exists or not, duration of the exam is valid or not. If all is valid it is saved into the data base otherwise an error message is returned back to the teacher. A teacher can also edit the existing exam in the database. CREATE QUESTION When the teacher opts to create a question for an exam. He chooses the exam from the exam system and creates a question for it. In the question management system it is checked whether the question content is correct or not. If it is correct, it is saved into the database otherwise an error message is returned to the teacher. MARK MANUALLY When the teacher opts to mark an exam manually, he chooses the exam to be marked from the exam system. He iterates each question and marks them. Then he saves the marks into database. STUDENT PAGE If the user logged in is a student, studentpage shows up. It has the following link : View Point : This is used to view the point assigned to a particular student. Answer Exam : This is used to answer the exam assigned to the student. ROLE OF STUDENT VIEW MARKS A student can view his marks in any exam . ANSWER AN EXAM A student can answer any particular exam assigned to him. He can view point assigned to a question also. INTERFACE DESIGN Figure: Welcome Screen This is the Welcome Screen of our application. On the left hand side there are three buttons : Home, Help, Log in. These enable the user to get to Home Page, Help and Log in helps the user to get logged into the system. The same header and footer will be applicable to every page to preserve the consistency and integrity of the application. We use the ApplicationContext.xml file to define some Java beans like dataSource, SessionFactory, etc so that we can retrieve them in the application. In this way we can reimplement the classes and use alternatively different implementations by just changing the configuration in the ApplicationContext.xml file. Once you have a sessionfactory, your application asks the factory for a session. Your application will use Hibernate sessions to manage the persistent objects. An application context configuration file is created for the entire application named applicationcontext.xml destroy-method=close> ${hibernate.dialect} ${hibernate.show-sql} ${hibernate.hbm2ddl-auto} I need to define a web.xml File contextConfigLocation classpath:application-context.xml;classpath:security-context.xml org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener Deploying the application will create a database called exam as shown below in the Figure CHAPTER 5- IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING APPLICATION IMPLEMENTATION Create User By Admin CreateUser.java String firstName = firstNameModel.getObject(); String lastName = lastNameModel.getObject(); String email = emailModel.getObject(); String course = courseModel.getObject(); ExamUser user = new ExamUser(); user.setUsername(username); user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encodePassword(password, null)); user.setFirstName(firstName); user.setLastName(lastName); user.setEmail(email); user.setCourse(course); String selectedRoleName = roleModel.getObject().trim(); userService.createUser(user); Manage User By Admin ManageUser.java List> columns = new ArrayList>(); columns.add(new PropertyColumn(new Model(ID), id) { @Override public String getCssClass() { return numeric; } }); columns.add(new PropertyColumn(new Model(